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Topic 5- The world developing unevenly. - Coggle Diagram
Topic 5- The world developing unevenly.
Development
Social development - Improves peoples quality of life - health care, literacy, life expectancy.
Economic development - Improvements in wealth - GNI & GD
Environmental development - Improvements in quality of the natural world - water quality, air pollution.
Sustainable development - Meeting the needs of the present, while protecting needs of the future - development of renewable sources.
Classifying countries
AC - Advanced countries
Well developed financial markets.
Diversified economic structure.
Rapidly growing service sector.
e.g. - UK, USA, Japan, Australia.
EDC - Emerging and developing countries
Don't have things of an AC
But cant have Poverty Reduction or Growth Trust to help them.
e.g. - South Africa, India, China, Brazil
In the middle country - not good but aren't in poverty
LICD - Low-income developing countries
They are in poverty
They are eligible for Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust.
e.g. - Nigeria, Bangladesh, Afghanistan
Measuring development
Economic Measure
To do with money.
GDP - gross domestic product - total value of goods and services produced in a country.
GNI - gross national income - measured as GNI per capita; the total income divided by the number of people.
Measures of poverty and standard of living.
Social measures
To do with people
Infant mortality, life expectancy, access to doctors, educational attendance and achievement.
Consequences of uneven development
The 'development gap'
Half the world wealth of owned by 1% of the population
A big development gap is the rich and poor
Education
Education and literacy are important for peoples development and job prospects.
Standards of living
In LIDC's there is a lack of clean water and good sanitation.
Can lead to disease and reduce life chances.
Health
Low levels of investment in health care and nutrition account for high infant mortality and high birth rates in the very poor.
They become trapped in the 'cycle of poverty'
Development
The progress of a country as it becomes more economically and technologically advanced
Improves peoples quality of life - education, health, homes, jobs.
Different development indicators
GNI
Pro's
Can show clear patterns and variations between countries.
Used to help prioritise aid payments.
Easy to calculate using official government figures.
Con's
The figures can be misleading - a few rich people can change figures of a country.
In poor countries - people work in farming, or the informal sector - their income is not in GNI official records.
People may not be honest.
HDI
Pro's
Maps show clear patterns & differences between countries.
Provides a composite measure of index - social aspects & wealth.
Used as a measure of improvement - development initiatives.
Con's
Only takes into account a few measures - misses out important measures.
It can hide variations and inequalities.
Can be unreliable.
Internet users
Pro's
It relies on other infrastructural improvements - it's a proxy measure - electricity, satellite access and disposable incomes.
Con's
Doesn't take into account variations in countries.
Can hide inequalities - use by poor people.
Human Development Index - HDI - composite measure using data on income, life expectancy and education to calculate an index from 0 - 1.