In the late 1950's the Scopitone, a visual jukebox, was introduced in France and short films were produced by several French artists, such as Serge Gainsberg, Francoise Hardy, Jacques Dutronc, and the Belgian Jacques Brel to accompany their songs. It's usage spread to other countries, and similar machines such as the Cinebox in Italy and Colour-sonic in the USA were patented. In 1961, for the Canada produced show singalong Jubilee,Manny Pittson began pre recording the music audio, went on location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip synching, then edited the audio and video together. Most music numbers were taped in-studio on stage, and the location shoot ''videos '' were to add variety .