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Chapter Eight Scheduling Resources and Costs(資源和成本的調度) - Coggle Diagram
Chapter Eight
Scheduling Resources and Costs(資源和成本的調度)
Heuristics(經驗法則)
將資源配置到活動上以降低專案延遲;當資源不足時,經驗法則將決定資源使用的優先順序,也就是那些活動該被配置資源,那些活動該延後。
Leveling (Smoothing) Techniques(撫平(平滑)技術)
Delay noncritical activities by using positive slack to reduce peak demand and fill in the valleys for the resources without delaying the entire project.(通過使用正可閒置來延遲非關鍵活動,以減少峰值需求並填補資源的低谷,而不會延遲整個專案。)
Resource-Constrained Project(資源受限專案)
Assumes the level of resources available cannot be exceeded.(假定不能超過可用資源的級別。)
Resources are fixed and time is flexible. If the resources are inadequate, it will be acceptable to delay the project.(資源是固定的,時間是靈活的。 如果資源不足,推遲專案是可以接受的。)
Consult a project priority matrix to determine if the project is time- or resource- constrained.(查閱專案優先順序矩陣以確定專案是否受到時間或資源限制。)
Resource-Constrained Scheduling(資源受限調度)
Occurs when resources are not adequate to meet peak demands. The late start of some activities must be delayed, and the duration of the project may be increased.(當資源不足以滿足高峰需求時發生。一些活動的開始時間必須推遲,專案的工期可能會增加。)
Resource Smoothing(資源平滑)
Involves attempting to even out varying demands on resources by delaying non-critical activities (using slack) to lower peak resource demand and, thus, increase resource utilization when resources are adequate over the life of the project.(涉及通過延遲非關鍵活動(使用 Slack)來降低資源需求峰值,從而在專案生命週期內資源充足時提高資源利用率,從而平衡對資源的不同需求。)
Splitting Activities(拆分活動)
Splitting Tasks(拆分任務)
Is a scheduling technique used to get a better project schedule and/or to increase resource utilization.(是一種用於獲得更好的專案進度和/或提高資源利用率的調度技術。)
Involves interrupting the work and sending the resource to another activity for a period of time and then having the resource resume work on the original activity.(包括中斷工作並將資源發送到另一個活動一段時間,然後讓資源恢復原始活動的工作。)
Can be useful if the work involved does not include large start-up or shut-down costs.(如果所涉及的工作不包括大量啟動或關閉成本,則可能很有用。)
Is considered a major reason why projects fail to meet schedule.(被認為是專案未能如期完成的主要原因。)
Time-Constrained Project(時間有限的專案)
Must be completed by an imposed date.(必須在規定的日期之前完成。)
Time (project duration) is fixed and resources are flexible. If required, resources can be added to ensure the project is completed by a specific date.(時間(專案持續時間)是固定的,資源是靈活的。 如果需要,可以添加資源以確保專案在特定日期之前完成。)
Time-phased budget baseline(按時間分段的預算基線)
Why a Time-Phased Budget Baseline Is Needed(為什麼需要按時間分段的預算基線)
To determine if the project is on, ahead, or behind schedule and over or under its budgeted costs(確定專案是否按計劃進行、提前或落後於計劃,以及超出或低於其預算成本)
To assess how much work has been accomplished for the allocated money spent—the project cost baseline (planned value, PV)(評估已分配資金已完成的工作量 - 專案成本基線(計劃價值、PV))