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INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS) - Coggle Diagram
INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS (IP ADDRESS)
The Internet relies on an addressing system (which is known as IP address) like the postal service to send data to a specific computer or device on the Internet.
IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the Internet or any other network.
The Internet uses two version of IP addressing schemes:
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
IPv4 ADDRESS:
CHARACTERISTIC
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 232 addresses = 4294967296.
Made up of four groups of decimal numbers,
The number in each group is between 0 and 255,
Separator : period(.)
Each group consists of 8 bits, so 4 groups = 32bits.
The lowest IP address :0.0.0.0
The highest IP address :255.255.255.255
Example:1.2.3.4,10.10.100.99,255.255.255.255
STRUCTURE
The network ID/part (first three numbers) identifies the network.
The host ID/part (last number) identifies the specific computer.
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6):
Why IPv6?The growth of the Internet has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses. Because of this increase, IPv4 addresses are running out.
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2128 addresses =.
Examples
2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0005
2021:0db8:0:0:1319:8a2e:0370:57ab
Structure
Each IPv6 address is represented as eight groups/fields of four *hexadecimal digits, separated by colons(:).
Each group consists of 16 bits.
Number in each group is between 0000 to FFFF
Hence, total bits are 8x16 =128 bits
Total IPv6 addresses is 2128
The importance
Due to the growth of devices accessing the Internet, the original IPv4 addresses began decreasing in availability.
Thus, the solution is for IPv6 to accommodate this increased demand by providing a much larger address space, along with improved traffic routing and better security.
The benefits/important
Larger IP address space that provide enough address space for many decades to come.
improved traffic routing
Better security
Better support for real time
Includes Plug and play
Better optimization
DOMAIN NAME
Because lengthy IP address can be difficult to remember, the Internet supports domain names.
Relationship IP address to domain name:
A domain name is the text version of an IP address.
It is part of the web address that user type in a browser’s address bar to access a website.
Example:www.google.com
Every domain name contains a top-level domain(TLD),which is the last section of the domain name.
TOP-LEVEL-DOMAIN (TLD)
The top-level-domain (TLD) identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.
Examples
.com-Commercial organizations or companies
.gov-Government agencies
.org-Non profit organizations
Country code top-level-domain(ccTLD):
For websites outside the United State, the domain name may include a country code TLD(ccTLD), which is a two-letter country code.
ccTLD identifies the country of origin associated with the domain.
For example, www.philips.com.my is the domain name for Philips Malaysia.
Domain name system(DNS):
A domain name system(DNS) is the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP address.
When user enters a domain name(i.e.,google.com) in a browser, a DNS server translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that the request can be routed to the correct computer.
A DNS server is a server on the Internet that usually is associated with an ISP.
Web Address:
Web address is a unique address for a webpage.
Also called a Uniform Resource Locator(URL).
Example
http://www.facebook.com
https://www.moe.gov.my/pendidikan
https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/news/photosmultimedia.htm
Components
Protocol
Domain Name
Path
Web Page Name
Components
Protocol
A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet.
Types
http(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) ▪a standard set of rules that define show pages transfer on the Internet.
https(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
▪a protocol for secure communication over a computer network.
Domain name
Address of the computer that contains the web site (IP address).
Path
Directories or folders that contains the files being accessed.
Web Page Name
The name of the file that is being accessed.