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Alcohol, Reduction of an aldehyde (to give a primary alcohol) or of a…
Alcohol
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Esterification
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Requirements
- Heated under reflux
- Strong acid as catalyst, such as concentrated acids or phosphoric (V) acid
Dehydration
Requirements:
- Catalyst: hot aluminum oxide powder, pumice, and concentrated acid
- Alcohol vapour passed over these catalysts
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- Reduction of an aldehyde (to give a primary alcohol) or of a ketone (to give a secondary alocohol) using a reducing agent such as NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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- Electrophilic addition of steam, H2O (g)
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- Oxidation of alkenes with Cold, Dilute, Acidified KMnO4
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- Nucleophilic substitution (hydrolysis) of a halogenoalkane by heating it with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide
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- Reduction of carboxylic acid with NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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