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Halogenoalkane - Coggle Diagram
Halogenoalkane
Nucleophillic Substitution
With Alkali (aq)
Halogenoalkane + alkali(aq) --> Alcohol
Conditions: Reflux, heat and condenser
Halogen replaced with -OH
With KCN
Halogenoalkane + KCN --> Nitrile + Halogen ion
Hydriolysis of Acidic Nitrile
Halogenoalkane + H+ --> Carboxylic acid
Hydrilysis with Basic Nitrile
Halogeenoalkane + OH- --> Carboxylate ion
Reduction of nitrile
Halogenoalkane + H2 --> Amine
Requrements: heated under reflux
With NH3
Halogenoalkane + NH3 --> Amine + HX
Requirements: NH3 is dissolved in ethanol
Conditions: Heated in a sealed tube
With AgNO3 (aq)
Halogenoaklane + AgNO3 (aq) --> Alcohol + HX
Conditions: under reflux
Created through
Free Radical Substitution of Alkane
Alkane + Halogen --> Halogenoalkane + HX
Requires UV light.
3 Step process (Initiation, Propagation, Termintation)
Electrophillic Addition of Alkene
Alkene + HX --> Halogenoalkane
Follows Markovnikov’s rule: H is bonded to C with less alkyl group, X is bonded to C with more alkyl group
Substitution of Alcohol
Alcohol + Regeant --> Halogenoalkane
Regeants
HX
PCl3
PCl5
SOCl2
Requirements: reflux and heat (only for PCl3)
Elimination
Halogenoalkane + NaOH (C2H5OH) --> Alkene + Na Salt + H2O
Requirements: NaOH dissolved in ethanol
