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Chapter 8: Ecology of the Peer Group W9 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8: Ecology of the Peer Group W9
Peer group is a microsystem
comprises....
relationships
roles
activities
peers
group of equals
usually the same age, gender socioeconomic status
share the same interests
Peer group affects..
psychological development (emotions)
by meeting the needs of belonging and social interacitons
by promoting a sense of self and personal identity
social development (social competence and conformity)
by providing opportunities for comparisons with others
by providing opporutnities for independence from adults
by allowing children to "learn by doing"
cognitive development (social cognition)
by enabling understanding about people, the self, relaitons between people, social groups' roles and rules
by the relations of such conception's to social behavior
socializing mechanisms peers employ to influence one another's behavior are...
reinforcement (approval and acceptance)
modeling
punishment (rejection and exclsion)
apprenticeship (novice learns from expert)
Macrosystems influence on Peer group enable children to accomplish certain developmental tasks
getting along with others
developing morals and values
learning appropriate sociocultural roles (including gender roles, sex education, and sexual activity)
achieving personal independence and identity
Chronosystems influence the peer group over time
Play/activities have cognitive, social, psychological, and adaptive functions for adult life.
As children develop, these get more complicated
peer group interaction
social relationships
friendship
Peer group dynamics and social hierarchies affect who is included and excluded
As well as who is a bully or a victim, which in turn affect children's behavior and self-esteem
Antisocial gang behavior usually occurs in the peer groups whose members lack family support and live in poor, unsupportive neighborhoods. Gangs are allegiances that engage in unlawful activities
Prosocial behavior in peer groups includes
peer collaboration
tutoring
counseling
Mesosystem influence on peer groups
emerge from links with adults in that groups structured by adults, unlike those structured by children, provide values, rules, leadership, and mediation