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Deteterminants Of Health - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Set boundaries by being a supportive friend but not therapist friend. Help them seek for professional help. Sometimes it is okay to simply listening but not giving advices
    - - Negative
        
        Boost happiness, Reduce stress, Improve self-esteem, Encourage them to change/avoid unhealthy lifestyle habits
      - Positive
        
        Reinforce bad habits Leave severe psychological scars Increase the chance of getting heart diseases
    - - Friendships not only give off a feeling of belonging, fun and laughter but also reduce the risk of many significant health problems: Including depression, High blood pressure and An unhealthy body mass index
  - - - The condition of an individual's daily circumstances that impact their health and well-being. These include political, socioeconomic, cultural factors, access to healthcare, food, education, and accomodation.
    - - Negative
        
        Undermining mental health, Distant from family and friends, Increase levels of despair and anxiety, If untreated: drug addictions, self-harm
      - Positive
        
        Strengthen a sense of connectionI, Increase self-assurance
    - - Talk to her parents about what happened → Issues that arise can be resolved See a psychologist to treat the trauma Stop contacting with those friends at the party Avoid being alone with strangers, especially men
  - - - Sexual consequences are the aftermaths of engaging in sexual intercourse or other sexual-related activities
    - - Unwanted pregnancies Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Muscle fatigue/aching Feeling pain at the reproductive parts
    - - Wear condoms Use contraceptive pills before and after sex Note: take contraceptive pills after sex because sperms can stay in the vagina up to 72 hours
- - - - Water shortage
        
        Definition
        
        Water shortage is the lack of safe water supplies caused by mostly climate change such as drought, or increases in pollution, or poor living conditions in different regions especially in rural areas.
        
        Health Effects
        
        People who have no access to clean water have to take water from unprotected sources or limited water service which causes high risks of becoming ill from waterborne diseases.
        
        Possible Solutions
        
        Properly maintain septic system (EPA, 2021). Using landscaping that reduces runoff and limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers if you have a yard or a garden. Reduce the amount of plastic waste by recycle or reuse plastics correctly.
      - Dieses in water supply
        
        Health Effects
        
        Unable to perform certain tasks such as go to work, go to school, spend time for leisure and causing difficulties when doing daily activities. Have to suffering from pain, exhaustions, headache, tiredness, and irritations. Causing metal health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, discomfort, increases depression and anxiety as well as uneasiness
        
        Possible Solutions
        
        Properly maintain septic system (EPA, 2021). Using landscaping that reduces runoff and limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers if you have a yard or a garden. Reduce the amount of plastic waste by recycle or reuse plastics correctly.
        
        Definition
        
        Some common diseases in water supply includes diarrhea, typhoid fever, ạnd hepatitis a.
  - - - Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials.
    - - Long Term
        
        Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Irritation, Headaches, Dizziness, Nausea
      - Short Term
        
        Heart diseases Lung cancer Respiratory disease (emphysema) Damage the nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. Birth defects
    - - The main solution to prevent air pollution is to limit the usage of factories and automobiles
      - Lower factories and car usage will limit the number of harmful gases released
      - The less harmful gases released will lower the number of deaths of people
    - - Vietnam is struggling with alarming air pollution. Its two biggest cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are now among the top 15 polluted cities in Southeast Asia. As a result, up to 60,000 deaths in Vietnam in 2016 were related to air pollution (Le, 2019)
  - - - Food poisoning, Poor work performance, Takes a longer time to recover to normal health, Likely to suffer from anxiety or depression
    - - Refers to the tainted or spoiled food due to the presence of a foreign substance. It happens when there is improper handling, cooking, and storage.
    - - Health impacts
        
        Diarrhea, Stomach cramps, Bones and joints infection, Vomiting, Fever, Nervous system (spinal fluid and brain)
      - SALMONELLA
        
        Common disease from bacteria that affects all the organs of the digestive system mainly through consumption of raw or uncooked meat. In some cases, leafy vegetables are found in salmonella
    - - At Home
        
        Ensure food is cooked or reheated thoroughly in 75°C or 70°C for at least 2 minutes. Always washing raw food. Raw meat should always be stored separately from cooked meat. Check the temperature of refrigerators and freezers regularly because food will spoil if not stored in the correct temperature zone. Use different equipments to ensure the food not contaminated.
      - Outside
        
        Ensure the individuals handling food have high personal hygiene such as clean clothes, hair tied back and gloves on. See the dates Check the smell, color, texture, or odor of the meat. Mold baked goods or dairy products
- - - - A regulation is a type of delegated legislation (also known as secondary legislation or subordinate legislation).
    - - Government
        
        Implement laws that help improve the health of the people. Alter laws
      - Citizens
        
        Contact a legislator who can discuss your problem and is willing to vouch for it and create a bill (drafts for a law). Only legislators introduce bills into the House or Senate, where the bill gets accepted or rejected.
        
        Figure out which agency is responsible for the regulation, contact the right board/committee member, and your issue will be placed on their agenda for the next possible meeting.
        
        Peaceful Protests, Participating or leading in movements/campaigns
    - - Laws that are too strict/too punishing could limit how a person could have a healthy life
      - A lack of laws can make it difficult and unstable for a person to live within that country
  - - - The political initiatives are considered as a democratic mechanism that allows voters to circumvent their lawmakers by putting new legislation and, in certain cases, legal reforms on the ballots. Active and passive initiatives are the two sorts of the term.
    - - Earth Day
        
        The event started in effort to oppose serious environmental concerns such as oil spills, contaminated waters, and air quality. It had sparked a lot of activity, such as the enactment of additional environmental protections - or regulations - in the United States and, later, several other nations. It's regarded to be the forerunner of today’s modern conservation movement.
      - CleanUp Vietnam
        
        The event first adopted in Vietnam with the main goal of making Vietnam a healthier and better country to live in. Although its message emphasizes environmental preservation, it also emphasizes community building and the creation of litter-free urban and rural environments.
  - - - Governments exist because of the need to protect people from conflicts while providing law and order, alongside with other responsibilities. Healthcare is one the most important responsibilities of a government.
    - - Protecting citizens from environmental issues
        
        Environmental issues included water, air pollutions and quality as well as natural disaster. The government are responsible for taking actions and come up with strategies to deal with these problems. If these are poorly done, the citizens health would get impacted negatively because we interact with water and air everyday which could lead to the increases of deaths rate.
      - Preventing the spread of communicable diseases
        
        Communicable diseases such as Covid-19 can spread very quickly. Therefore if the government is not able to stop, the number of infected cases would increases. The government should come up with strategies then make the citizens to follow to ensure people safety and avoid death. Therefore, the government decisions would influence people health.
- - - - Facilities and services that provide assistance and are made to support different age groups
    - - Protection network (child protection services,...) from government agencies
        
        Protection network help promote people's physical and mental health by preventing people from being abused or exposed to dangers that can cause serious mental illness such as stress, trauma or depression.
      - Emergency services (police, fire, ambulance,...) from government agencies
        
        Providing emergency services makes people feel more secure as they will be rescued in time if an emergency occurs or have a place to report any crime. Therefore, these services help to ensure public safety.
  - - - Description
        
        Funded by the government through the national health care system. Public health care insurance can be paid entirely by the public funds controlled by the government.
      - Effects
        
        Public health care allows people to pay different amounts based on their income and still get the same services. Therefore it is affordable for everyone even for people who have low income.
    - - Description
        
        Made up of hospitals and clinics which operate independently of the national health service. Private health insurance is coverage that is offered from a private entity, not from the government.
      - Effects
        
        People who take private health care would get a lot more benefits such as getting more special treatments with higher quality. Therefore, people who get this services would have a lot of opportunities in improving their health conditions.
- - - - Smoking
        
        Solutions
        
        Behavioral Treatments: counselling, therapy, self-help materials Nicotine Replacement Therapies: chewing gum, transdermal patch, nasal sprays, inhalers, and lozenges
        
        Effects
        
        Addiction, Lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, heart diseases, therefore leading to earlier death.
      - Unhealthy Diet
        
        Effects
        
        Short Term
        
        Can cause stress, tiredness Decrease a person’s capacity to work
        
        Long Term
        
        Overweight and obesity, Heart diseases and Strokes, Cancers (many are associated with overweight and obesity) Type 2 diabetes Tooth decay
        
        Solutions
        
        make healthy foods cheaper + more accessible, restrict the promotion of unhealthy food, educate people upon eating healthy.
      - Alcohol / Drug consumption
        
        Effects
        
        Alcohol
        
        damage your brain, kidney, liver, and immune system. Alcohol poisoning Cancers (including breast, mouth, liver, colon) Pregnant: development issues for the baby; miscarriage
        
        Drug
        
        kidney damage, impaired blood circulation, significant weight loss, and tooth decay damage your respiratory and circulatory systems negatively affect your immune system, making it easier for your body to get an infection. overdose
        
        Solutions
        
        Behavioral treatments: counselling & therapy Support groups Take medications
    - - An unhealthy behavior is a patterned behavior that is harmful to health.
  - - - Optimistic vs. Pessimistic
        
        Effects
        
        Depression, anxiety, stress, mental damage, socially akward
        
        Solutions
        
        Balance is key Watch and listen to different perspectives others have about life To activities that you enjoy such as exercise, sports, reading, gaming, etc…
      - Cheerful vs. Grumpy
        
        Effects
        
        Anger issues, Usual moodswings, Anxiety, Deppresion
        
        Solutions
        
        Get help from others (therapy, peers, family, etc…) Do activities that reduces stress and anxiety (mediation, journaling, jogging, etc…)
      - Introverted vs. Extroverted
        
        Effects
        
        Depression, anxiety, stress, mental damage, socially akward
        
        Solutions
        
        Balance is key Make a small group of friends (1 -2) that you can trust. Talk to ANYONE that is willing to listen (teachers, guidance counselors, grandparents, etc…)
    - - Personality traits that is related to and affect an individual’s personal health can be considered part of the personal health determinants.