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Authoritarian States - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Witte
        
        External loans
        
        Trans-Siberian railway
        
        foreign capital, which fed into railway
        
        high taxes
      - Stolypin
        
        Populate Siberia w agriculture
        
        Worked with the Duma
        
        Peasants opting out of the mir
      - High price of land and heavy mortgages
      - Serfs were emancipated
        
        could buy land, at an increased cost
    - - Collectivization
      - Five Year Plans
  - - - 1928 Land Law
        
        In the Jiangxi Soviet, CCP communist province, the CCP saw landlords and wealthy gentry have their land taken away for them and redistributed to peasants.
      - GMD attempted to control banks and push a paper currency
        
        Led to hyperinflation and public outcry
  - - - Treaty of Versailles, 6.6 mil pounds
      - Lost colonies after WWI, lower raw materials & industry
      - French occupation of Ruhr
        
        halt in production
        
        hyperinflation
      - Streseman golden years
        
        Dawe's plan
        
        Rentenmark
      - Wall Street crash
        
        Mass unemployment
- - - - State Atheism
      - Return to Orthodoxy
- - - - GMD Corruption
        
        Du Yusheng
        
        Green Gang
      - GMD tried to control banks
        
        Hyperinflation and public outcry
      - Mistreatment of peasants
        
        Swayed to Mao's side
  - - - June Offensive
        
        Loyalty drop for the provisional govt.
        
        Desertion from army
        
        low morale
      - Tsar leaving wife in charge for the army/ all decisions made by Tsar
        
        intentionalist
      - Kornilov Affair
        
        Workers were armed to resist a coup d'etat, made the Provisional Govt look weak
  - - - Underestimation of Hitler by Von Papen & Hindenburg
        
        Intentionalist
      - Proportional representation
        
        Government was slow
        
        Led to coalitions
        
        Led to political disputes
      - Article 48
        
        Constantly misused by presidents
        
        Also used by Hitler
- - - - Peasants
  - - - 25 point program
        
        Segregation of Jews from Aryan society
      - Spartacist Uprising Left wing
      - Frei Corps. Right wing
- - - - Stalinism
  - - - Long March 1934-36
        
        Strengthened Mao's leadership position through propaganda
  - - - Munich Putsch Trial
        
        Massively increased Hitler's popularity
        
        Speeches printed on newspapers
      - Goebbels
        
        Capitalized on the public's fears by using Jews as scapegoats
      - 25 point program
        
        Save Germany from communists, gained support from businessmen and nationalists
        
        Rejection of the ToV
      - November criminals and diktat
- - - - Dawe's Plan
        
        Wall street crash led to unemployment which Hitler capitalized on
- - - - October Revolution
        
        Intentionalist
        
        Marxist for Proletariat
      - Cheka & Red Terror
        
        250,000 people liquidated
      - Lenin assassination attempt (aug 1918)
      - Soviet order no1
        
        defied military control
    - - Purges
  - - - Hundred Flowers Campaign
        
        Anti rightist campaign, over 550,000 people politically persecuted
        
        current estimate is 1-2 million
      - Civil War
        
        Guerilla tactics
        
        Lin Bao conventional warfare
      - Futian incident dec 1930- jan 1931
        
        thousands of CCP members were tortured or executed allegedly because they were GMD agents
    - - Hundred Flowers Campaign
  - - - Munich Putsch
      - SA
        
        Shut down meetings of political opponents
        
        Security in Nazi rallies
      - Night of long knives
        
        Got rid of the SA when they began to garner a bad reputation
        
        Ernst Rohm was plotting to take over Hitler's power
      - Reichstag fire
        
        turned public more against communists
        
        Gave Hitler the leeway to pass the Enabling Act
    - - SS
      - Gestapo
- - - - Peasant focus, against GMD's anti peasant ideals
      - Mao converted Marxism to fit into Chinese circumstances
        
        This showed Mao was capable and an intellectual
      - "Target is Chinese Revolution, the arrow is Marxism-Leninism"-Mao
  - - - Skilled orator
      - Mein Kampf
        
        Hitler was charismatic and relatable
  - - - Lenin was an "orator of enormous impact & power, breaking down complicated systems into the simplest & most generally accessible forms" - Sukhanov
      - Bolshevism appealed to working class
        
        April Thesis made it more unique with anti war ideals
      - Embrace the proletariat
        
        Successful October Revolution