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Reported speech :) - Coggle Diagram
Reported speech :)
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Reported questions
The tense changes are the same, and we keep the question word, but once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question anymore. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence.
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We make the question form of the present simple of be by inverting the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.
Direct speech: "Where is the train station".
Indirect speech: she asked me where the train station was.
We don't have any question words to help us with yes or no questions. Instead, we use 'if':
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Reported requests
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To report a negative request, use 'not':
Direct speech: "don't touch me, please".
Indirect speech: she asked me not to touch her.
Direct speech: "don't talk, please".
Indirect speech: he asked me not to talk.
Direct speech: "don't scream, please".
Indirect speech: they asked me not to scream.
Reported orders
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To report a negative order, use 'not':
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Time words
•now→ then / at that time
•today→ yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
•yesterday→ the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
•last night→ the night before, Thursday night
•last week→ the week before / the previous week
•tomorrow→ today / the next day / the following day / Friday
•next year → the following year, in 2014
•two minutes ago → two minutes before
•in one hour → one hour later
•tonight →that night, last night, on Sunday night
•this week → that week, last week
•in one hour → one hour later
Place words
•here → there, in Starbucks
this →that
•this book → the book, that book, War and Peace
•in this room → in the room, in that room, in the kitchen
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Tense changes
Present simple → past simple:
•Direct speech: "I don't love you".
•Indirect speech: she told me she didn't love me.
Present continuous →past continuous:
•Direct speech: "I am arriving".
•Indirect speech: he told me he was arriving.
Past simple →past simple or past perfect simple:
•Direct speech: "I didn't kiss her".
•Indirect speech: She told me she hadn't kissed her.
Past continuous →past perfect continuous:
•Direct speech: "I was waiting for you when she called".
•Indirect speech: he told me he had been waiting for me when she called.
Present perfect simple →past perfect simple:
•Direct speech: "I haven't written anything".
•Indirect speech: she told me she hadn't written anything.
Present perfect continuous →past perfect continuous:
•Direct speech: "I have been studying for hours".
•Indirect speech: he said he had been studying for hours.
Past perfect simple →past perfect simple:
•Direct speech: "I hadn't cleaned my room when my mother called."
•Indirect speech: she told me she hadn't cleaned her room when her mother called.
Past perfect continuous →past perfect continuous:
•Direct speech: "I had been studying the whole day".
•Indirect speech: he told me he had been studying the whole day.
Will →would:
•Direct speech: "I will buy you a present".
•Indirect speech: she told me she would buy me a present.
Can →could:
•Direct speech: "Can I hug you?".
•Indirect speech: she asked me if she could hug me.
Shall →would:
•Direct speech: "I shall close the door".
•Indirect speech: he told me he would close the door.
Should →should:
•Direct speech: "you should stop smoking".
•Indirect speech: he told me I should stop smoking.
Could →could:
•Direct speech: "I could leave later".
•Indirect speech: she told me she could leave later.
Must →must:
•Direct speech: "I must finish this".
•Indirect speech: he said he must finish that.
Might → might:
•Direct speech: "I might be late".
•Indirect speech: she told me she might be late.
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