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Nervous System: Ashley Gonzalez P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System: Ashley Gonzalez P.1
major functions of the nervous system
master of controlling and communicating system of body
overlapping functions
sensory input: information gathered by sensory receptors
integtration: processing and interpertation of sensory input
motor output: activation of effector otgans which produce a response
major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
Central NS
brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity
intergration and control center: interpertation sensory input and dictates output
Peripheral NS
spinal nerves to and from spinal cord
cranial nerves to and from brain
Functional Systems
Sensory(afferent) division
somatic and visceral sensroy nerve fibers
conducts impulses from receptors from receptors to the CNS
Motor(efferent) division
somatic nervous system(voluntary)
impulses from cns to skeletal muscle
conscious control of skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system(involuntary)
visceral nerve fibers
regulates smooth, cardiac, glands
SUBDIVISIONS
sympathetic
mobilizes body system during activity
parasympathetic
conserves energy
house keeping functions during rest
tissues(structure & function)
epithelial tissue
creates protective boundaries/involved in diffusion of ion
connective tissue
underlies and supports other tissue types
muscle tissue
contracts to initiate movement
nervous tissue
transmits and integrates information through central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
classification of neurons
sensory neuron
impulses towards cns only
motor neurons
impulses from cns to effectors
interneurons
between motor and sensory, shuttle signals through cns pathway
connective tissue coverings
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
major parts and functions of the brain
cerebrum
touch
taste
hearing
vision
facial recognition
smell
speech
concentration
motor control(movement)
cerebellum
balance
posture
coordination
brainstem
involuntary actions
major parts and functions of the spinal cord
cervical (neck)
turn and tilt head
head movements
thoracic(chest)
protects organs
support for body
lumbar(lower back)
support
helps carry yourself
helps lift heavy or any item/items
action potential and the nerve impulses
action potentials was the principal way neurons sent long distance signals-occured in muscle cells and axons of neurons- AP's dont decay overtime
Resting state: gated channels are closed
Depolarization: Na+ channels open
3.Repolarization: Na+ become inactive and K+ open
4.Hyperpolarization:some K+ stay open to allow execssive K+ out
nerve impulses are how nerve cells communicate with one another- impulses are electrial signals along the dendrites-
cranial nerves
I: Olfactory(smell)
II: Optic(vision)
III: Oculomotor(eye movement/pupil reflex)
IV: Trochlear(eye movement)
V: Trigeminal(face sensation/chewing)
VI: abducens(eye movement)
VII: Facial Nerve(face movement and taste)
VIII: Vestibulocochlear(hearing and balance)
IX: Glossopharyneal(throat sensation, taste, swallowing)
X: Vagus nerve(impulses from abdominal organs)
XI: Accessory(neck and shoulder movement)
XII:Hypoglossal nerve(extrinsic=reward driven behavior and intrinsic=voluntary/enjoyment behavior)
spinal nerves
Cervical nerves: 8 pairs
Thoracic Nerves: 12 pairs
Lumbar Nerves: 5 pairs
Sacral Nerves:5 pairs
Coccygeal Nerves: 1 pair
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine(ACH)
released by cholinergic fibers at all ans preganglionic axons and post axons at parasympathetic
receptors
nicotinic receptors
muscarinic receptors
norepinephrine(NE)
released by adrenegic fibers
all sympathetic post axons except swear glands
receptors
alpha receptors
beta receptors
compare and contrast autonomic nervous system and somatic
the ans is also known as the involuntary or general viscelar motor system
uses a two neuron chain
preganglionic neuron
thing, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon extends to ganglion
post ganglionic neuron
cell body synapses with preganglionic axon that extebds to effector organ
target organ responses to to neurotransmitter
preganglionic fibers release at acetylcholine
postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine
effect either stimulatory or inhibitory
reflex arc(major parts and function)
1.Receptor
where stimulus action starts at
Sensory Neuron
transmit afferent impulses to CNS
3.Interation
monosynaptic/polysypnatic region with CNS
4.Motor Neuron
efferent impulses from integration to effector organ
Effector
muscle fiber/gland cell efferent impulses by contracting
disorders associated with nervous system
autonomic neuropathy: damage to autonomic nerve that is a common complication of diabetes mellitus
hypertension
overactive sympathetic vasiconstrictor response to stress
hearts works harder
treated with adrenegic receptor-blocking drugs
Raynaud's disease
painful and exaggerated vasocinstriuction in fingers and does
Autonomic dysreflexia
life threatening uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
blood pressure rises
Drugs(Drugs of Abuse & Mouse Party)
heroine
inhibit dopamineby being released when natural opiates activate receptors the neurotransmittters shut down
stress response, emotional attactment, painkiller
ecstacy
ecstacy mimick seratonin which is consumed easier by neurotransmitter and them transported and will be over stimulated
affects mood, sleep, perception, appetite
marijuana
cannabinoid receptors turn off the release of neurotransmitter.THC mimics anadamide
removes short term memories, slows down movement, makes user feel relaxed
methamphetamine
intense pleasure felt
meth enters dopemine vesicle forcing the dopamine molecules out which would was over stimulation trapped in synaptic clefr
alcohol
make GABA inhibitory, binds glutamate preventing exciting the cell
memory formation, descision making,impulse control
cocaine
blocks transporterts in synaptic cleft which result in over stimulation
reward pathway affects voluntary movement
LSD
resembles seratonin and binds to receptor is different, lsd interacts with particular one either excite or inhibit
responsible for feelings, awakefullness, startlef responses, unexpected stimulus
inhalents
hallucenation
brain damagae
sudden death
dissociative drug
makes you detach
lose touch with reality
fever seizures death
near death expierance
