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Data Representation - Coggle Diagram
Data Representation
Data Representation
Numbers
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
e.g. 01100001 = 97
Bit: 1 digit
Byte: 8 digits
Nybble: 4 digits
Overflow is when adding together binary numbers create a number too long to fit into the designated digits. This can break a system.
:
Adding binary
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 1 = 0 carry the 1
1 + 1 + 1 = 1 carry the 1
Hexadecimals
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
e.g. D6 = 11010110 = 214
Negative Binary
Sign and Magnitude: Write out the positive number then add a 1 in the sign bit column if negative or a 0 in the sign bit column if positive
Two's Compliment: Write out the positive number, flip the bits, then add 1
Logical Shifts
One place to the left multiplies the number by 2
One place to the right divides the number by 2
Sound
Magnitude - pitch
Amplitude - dynamic
Computers take samples of music at regular intervals and convert them to binary in order to represent sound. The more frequent samples are taken, the higher the quality of the music
Sample rate - samples per second
Metadata: title, artist, duration, album
Images
Bitmaps: Numbers are assigned to each colour of pixel which are written out linearly so that when made into a grid the image is shown. These are usually used for photos
Vector Images: Lines and equations are used. This s often used for cartoons/clipart
Metadata: title, date taken, image size, colours
Data Sets
ASCII
Uses 7 bits to store up to 128 characters
Extended ASCII uses 8 bits to store 256 characters
Unicode
Stores over 100,000 characters
16-bit version stores over 65,000 characters
32-bit version stores over 4 billion characters
Storage
Bit
0, 1
Byte
8 bits
Nybble
4 bits
Kilobyte
1000 bytes
Megabyte
1000 kilobytes
Gigabyte
1000 megabytes
Terabyte
1000 gigabytes
Data Types
String: "Lily Potter"
Character: "F"
Integer: 18
Real: 98.7
Boolean: True