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Aldehyde - Coggle Diagram
Aldehyde
Production of Aldehyde
Primary Alcohol + Oxidising agent --> Aldehyde
Regeants: Acidified KMnO4 or Acidified K2Cr2O7
Observation
KMnO4: Purple --> colorless
K2Cr2O7: Orange --> Green
Heated in reflux
Oxidation
With KMnO4
Aldehyde + KMnO4 --> Carboxylic Acid
Observations: Purple --> Colorless
Conditions: acidified KMnO4, under reflux
With Tollent's Regeant
Aldehyde + AgNO3 (NH3)--> Ammonium Carboxylate + Ag + H2O+ NH3
Observations: Silver mirror precipitate
With Fehling Regeant
Aldehyde + Cu2+ --> Carboxylic Acid + Cu2O
Observations: Red precipitate
Iodoform Test
Aldehyde + I2 --> Sodium Salt + CHI3 (Iodoform)
Only works for Ethanal
Observation: Yellow precipitate
Reduction
Aldehyde + Reducing Agent --> Primary Alcohol
Regeants: NaBH4 or LiAlH4 in dry ether
Nuclephillic Addition
Aldehyde + HCN --> R2C(OH)CN (Hydroxynitrile)
Condensation
Aldehyde + 2,4-DNPH --> Deep orange precipitate + H2O
Observations: Deep orange precipitate
