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ASSURE, Visual References: - Coggle Diagram
ASSURE
State Objectives (Outcomes)
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Learning Outcomes
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ABCD
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C
onditions
In the ABCD format C represents the Conditions. That means knowing under which conditions the learner will demonstrate the skills having taught, or which behaviour will be showed in the conditions. For instance, environmental conditions, equipments.
B
ehaviour
In the ABCD format B represents the Behaviour. That means knowing what skills the learner will perform as a result. The capability or Behaviour should be demonstrated.
A
udience
In the ABCD format A represents the Audience. That means knowing who is your audience, or who is your learners.
D
egree
In the ABCD format D represents the Degree. That means knowing how the level of the students at the end of the instruction or knowing which skills should be mastered.
The Objectives are generally written in ABCD format.
Learning Outcomes are the skills, knowledge, or values that the learners should demonstrate after completing the given class or lesson, in other words, after the end of the instructions. The Learning Outcomes are written according to the ABCD format.
There are some words that should be avoided like "understand", "know", or "learn", instead more specific verbs should be used like "describe", "demonstrate", "explain", or "identify".
Blooms Cognitive Taxonomy Circle has six main categories and there are some specific verbs used there.
Knowledge (name, recall), Comprehension (classify,explain), Application (demonstrate, practice), Analysis (examine, compare), Synthesis (design, perform knowledge), Evaluation (estimate, compare).
Learning Outcomes are very important for planning instruction. It is really effective for better lessons. It integrates the knowledges and skills, gives information about what the teacher should do and what students should learn. Aditionally it is effective because it is student-oriented.
For instance, students can use Simple Present tense effectively, and they can make comprehendible sentences.
Hussey and Smith (2003) explain that learning outcomes are tools that are practical and beneficial in teaching and learning activities, also in designing the courses.
Learning Outcome
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Stating Objectives is the second step in planning. The aim is to state the Objectives, in other words, the learning outcomes that are expected from the students at the end of the lesson. Objectives contain 4 parts that are named the ABCD format. :check:
Utilize Media and Materials
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Preview the Material
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The Teacher should always preview the Materials before the class like using a program previously so that the teacher could remove possible problems.
For instance check the technical device, Does it work, function.
Prepare the Environment
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The Teacher should prepare the learning environment before class. The environment, the class should cooperate with the selected media type or materials.
For instance, clean the board, and check the window.
Prepare the Learners
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The Teacher should prepare the Learners like giving them an overview, explain how they can use the informaions.
For instance, Asking the students what they learnt in the previous lessons.
Utilizing Media and Materials is the fourth step in planning. The aim is that the teacher should decide how the Media and Materials, also, the technology will be used to apply the methods. It is important that the teacher has a plan B if the technological devices did not work there. It contains 3 parts. :check:
Analyze Learners
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Entry Competiences
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Secondly, the audience can be analyzed according to Entry Competencies. This means describing the prior knowledge, attitudes or skills the learners already have about the topic.
For instance, the students have already learned Simple present tense, and Prepositions.
Learning Style
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Thirdly the audience can be analyzed according to o Learning Styles. The students could have different learning styles like visual, verbal, kinesthetic etc.
For instance, Visual and kinesthetic learners.
General Characteristics
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Firstly, the audience can be analyzed according to General Characteristics. This means describing the learners in detail such as the number of the students, gender, diversity types, socioe-conomic status etc.
For instance, the ages of the students are between 15-17. Or There are 5 males and 6 females in the class.
Analyzing the Learners is the first step in planning. In this step, the aim is to identify the learners, in other words, the audience. They can be students, trainers, new teachers etc. The audience should be known so that the best medium will meat the Objectives. The audience can be analyzed in 3 parts. :check:
Instructional Design, Learner Analysis
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Select, Modify or Design Instructional Methods, Media and Material
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Method (Instructional Strategies)
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Thirdly, Methods (Instructional Strategies) could be selected.
There are different methods. For instance, the Grammar Translation method, Task-based instruction, problem sloving, or giving pair works assignments.
An Example to the Methods: The Active Learning Method
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Media
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Firstly, Instructional Media could be selected. Media could be audios, visuals or even people. There are some criterias in selecting media because it should suit well with the Instructional Method, or students.
For instance, Media should be selected according to the student needs, or media should be selected in a good technical quality, or it should follow the learning outcomes.
For instance, course book, visuals.
Materials
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Secondly, Materials could be selected. Selecting existing materials, modify existing materials, or design new materials are some choices.
For instance, video tapes, images, printers, overhead projector etc.
Select, Modify or Design Instructional Methods, Media and Material is the third step in planning. The aim is that the teacher should decide the appropriate media, materials and methods are needed for the class. It contains 3 parts. :check:
According to Ibrahim (2015, p. 266) "after the instructor has analyzed the Learners and he has stated standard learning objectives, the next step building a
bridge
between the Learners and the objectives."
Evaluate and Revise
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Evaluate Instructor Performance
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The Teacher should evaluate and determine whether or not his/her own performance was effective.
For instance, The Teacher can ask himself/herself wheter he/she was succesfull while applying the lesson plan.
Evaluate Learners
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The evaluation should match the learning outcomes. The teacher should determine whether or not the students met the objectives of the lesson.
For instance, evaluate students participation both during and after the activities.
Evaluate Media and Methods
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The Teacher should evaluate and determine the effectiveness of Media and Methods.
For instance, Checking if the coursebook was effective, or asking the students whether they liked the posters, viusals or not.
Evaluate and Revise is the sixth, and also last step in planning. The aim is that the Teachers should evaluate the entire instructional process. If the learners meet the methods, media, or the objectives then it means that the lesson was effective, If not then Revising the lesson plan next time would be better. It contains 3 parts. :check:
Faryadi (2007, p. 5) indicates that
"Evaluating the entire lessons is very crucial for further improvements.".
Require Learner Response (Participation)
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Questions to Ask
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The teacher should decide the questions to ask in the lesson.
For instance, what did you learn today, or what is the difference between he/she/it and the other pronouns in Simple Present Tense.
Skills to Practice
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The teacher should decide which skills to practice with the students, or which skills will the students be engaged.
For instance, Speaking, Grammar, Pronunciation.
Activities to Do
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The teacher should decide step by step implementations, in other words, activities of the lesson. For isntance, warming up, speaking activities, follow up stages.
For instance, Warm up - Asking students how they feel today, what they expect from the lesson today, Introduce the topic, Present Simple Present Tense, Wrap up-asking the students whether they liked the activities or not, Giving Feedback, Answering the question What have we learnt today?.
Requiring Learner Response, in other words, participation is the fifth step in planning. The aim is to involve students or the audience to the lesson because they learn better when they are active in the class. Feedback is also important here. It contains 3 parts. :check:
The ASSURE Model is an effective lesson planning tool that can be used in the classroom. It is built upon six major steps to create an instructional lesson integrated with technology and media. :check:
References :
Faryadi, Q. (2007). Instructional Design Models: What a Revolution!. Online Submission.
Hussey, T., & Smith, P. (2003). The uses of learning outcomes. Teaching in higher education, 8(3), 357-368. DOI: 10.1080/13562510309399
Ibrahim, A. A. (2015). Comparative analysis between system approach, Kemp, and ASSURE instructional design models. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(12), 261-270.
Visual References:
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