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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), Stem cell sources, Adult Stem cells, Induced…
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Stem cell sources
Umbilical cord
Cord blood from umbilical cord, after birth
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Mesenchymal stem cells generate bone, cartilage, etc tissues
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Bone marrow
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Hematopoietic stem cells make blood marrow potential candidate for therapy and regenerative medicine purposes
Amniotic fluid
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Amniotic membrane +amniotic fluid good sources of embryonic stem cells, multiply & form any type of cell
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Peripheral blood (travels through heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins)
Adult Stem cells
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Body constantly renews tissues, in parts of body such as bone marrow, stem cells divide to produce new body tissues (maintenence and repair)
Non specific state, more specialised than embryonic stem cells, remain in state till needed by body for specific purpose
Tissue specific, somatic stem cells exist throughout the body from embryo development
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Uses of stem cells
Tissue regeneration
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Stem cells below skin surface used to make skin tissue, repair burns by grafting tissue on damaged skin
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Brain disease treatment
Replacement cells & tissues may be used to treat brain diseases (Eg: parkinsons, alzheimers)
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Blood disease treatment
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Stem cells occur in blood & bone marrow, can produce all blood cell types, including red blood cells to carry oxygen and white blood cells to fight disease
Embryonic stem cells
Mass of cells in the embryo= blastocyst (ball of cells), containing stem cells
Blastocyst consists of
outer cell mass, becomes part of placenta (organ connecting growing baby to uterus)
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Early stage of pregnancy, embryo forms
Genetic "reprogramming" techniques being worked upon to find ways to develop stem cells from other cells