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Lecture 4: Fluid Engineering - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 4: Fluid Engineering
Fluid Flow
Laminar Flow
When fluid flows smoothly around an object
Occurs when fluid is moving relatively slowly
Turbulent Flow
Irregular flow pattern as fluid move faster past an object
Flow's pattern begins to break up and become random
Small eddies and whirlpools
To determine fluid moves in laminar or turbulent pattern:
Speed of the object
Density and viscosity of fluid
Size of object moving through the fluid
Reynolds Number (Re)
Fluid flow in pipes
Flow from high pressure to low pressure
Develops viscous shear stresses that balance the pressure differential and product steady flow as fluid moves
The more viscous a fluid is, the greater the pressure differential that is necessary to produce motion
Fluid Forces
Distinction between liquids and gases are based on whether the fluid can be easily compressed or when forces are applied to them
Liquids
Incompressible
Can retain their original volume
Gases
Compressible
Density and pressure increase accordingly
Definition of fluid
Substance that is unable to resist a shear force without continuously moving
Any amount of shear stress will cause it to move and will continue to flow until the force is removed
Flow
Continuous motion resulted by shear stress
Property of fluid involved is viscosity
Newtonian fluid
Magnitude of shear stress is directly proportional to the plate's sliding velocity
Application
Automobile tire hydroplanes over water on a road's surface
Person taking a plunge down a water slide
Puck slides over an air-hockey table
Hard disk drive
When fluid interact with solid structure/ vehicle arises forces such as:
Drag
Component of the aerodynamic force that is opposed to aircraft's motion
Mechanical force
Generated by interaction and contact of a solid body with fluid
Generated by the difference in velocity between solid object and fluid
Lift
Component perpendicular to motion
Buoyancy
Force that develops when an object is simply immersed in a fluid
Related to the weight of fluid displaced
Weight of fluid displaced = pgV
Application
Ships docked in port
Hot air balloons hovering above the ground
Pressure
Increases with depth and density of fluid
SI unit: Pascal, Pa
1 Pa = 1 N/m^2
Introduction
Classified as liquids or gases
Divided into 2 areas
Fluid Statics
Apply the principles of fluid statics to calculate pressure and buoyancy force of fluids acting on stationary objects, including ships, tanks and dams
Fluid Dynamics
Behaviour of liquids or gases when moving or when object is moving through a stationary fluid
Hydrodynamics
Focusing on motion of water (most common fluids encountered in engineering)
Aerodynamics
Focusing on the motion of air (most common fluids encounteed in engineering)
Application:
Piping systems
Microfluids
Biomedical and biological engineering
Design of devices that deliver medicine by
Inhaling an aerosol spray
Flow of blood through arteries and veins
Sports engineering
Aerodynamics
Apply sophisticated computer-aided engineering tools to understand complex airflows around aircraft and automobiles
Pre-requisites for SEMM 2313 (Mechanics of Fluids) are SEMM 1013 (Programming for Engineers) and SEMM 1203 (Statics)