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Demonstrate understanding of bonding, structure, properties, and energy…
Demonstrate understanding of bonding, structure, properties, and energy changes
Thermochemistry
Endothermic
are reactions that absorb heat meaning the energy required to break the bonds requires more energy than the bonds formed, change in H is positive
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Exothermic
are reactions that release heat meaning the energy required to break the bonds requires less energy than the bonds formed, change in H is negative
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Properties of solids
Starters
Metals: is a metallic solid made up of atoms in a 3D lattice held together by non directional metallic bonds
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Covalent networks: is atoms covalently bonded to # _ atoms in a 2D/ 3D lattice ( 3 bonds = 2D, and, 4 bonds = 3D) - if 2D: with multiple layers held together by weak intermolecular forces
Hardness
Metal, ionic and covalent network: yes due to respective bonding (bonds are strong and hard)
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Solubility for something to be soluble, the solvent must overcome the type of bonding in the solute
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Ionic compounds: in order for an ionic solid to dissolve the solvent (liquid) needs to be able to overcome the ionic bond. Positive ends of water are attracted to the negative ions and the negative ends of water are attracted to the positive ions.
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Conductivity In order for an object to conduct 1 of 2 conditions must be met, either free moving electrons OR free moving ions
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Shapes and Polarity
Shapes
There are regions of negative charge around the central atom. These regions repel for maximum separation into a arrangement with a bond angle of . There are bonding regions and non bonding regions. Therefore, the shape of is .
Polarity
There are polar bonds (repeat as necessary). The is the most electronegative atom. These dipoles are arranged asymmetrically/ symmetrically meaning the effect of the dipole don't/ do cancel meaning _ is polar/ non polar
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