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Cultural Sources of Eutrophication - Coggle Diagram
Cultural Sources of Eutrophication
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Overfeeding fish food which sometimes goes uneaten and collects in water bodies
Unregulated
Excess use of Chemical Fertilisers
Phosphourous
Binds to soil - lost through soil erosion through intensive tilling
Sub Soil Drainage Systems
Nitrogen
Surface Runoff (about 20% of nitrogen fertiliser lost this way)
Excess nutrients lost through volatilization (60% of nitrogen in manure can be lost this way) - redeposited in waterways
Leaching to groundwater (about 20% of nitrogen fertiliser lost this way)
Artificial fertilisers are more prohibitive in developing countries due to cost. Hotter climates = more irrigation = higher nutrient runoff
Excessive Manure
Due to higher animal production
Manure applied as fertiliser excessively
Stored near lagoons where it may be discharged
CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Industrial/Public Waste (Point Sources)
Stormwater Runoff
Nutrient flush from impervious surfaces and lawns to streams and rivers
CSO System may overflow resulting in discharge into nearby streams and rivers
Human Sewage
Phosphates are used as a 'builder' in washing powders +silicates
Nitrogen leaching into groundwater from below-ground septic tanks (in developed countries)
Industrial Waste (biggest sources)
Discharge of sewage from maritime vessels
Food and meat processing
Pulp and Paper Mills
AgroIndustries
Fossil Fuel Sources
When burned, release Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) into atmosphere
Dry Deposition
Contributes through smog and acid rain (wet deposition)
Mining of phosphate-rich rocks
Concentration decreases further from cities
Primary Sources
Coal-fired plants
Exhausts from vehicles (cars etc)
Electricity Power Generation
Other Notes
Draining wetlands release trapped phosphate into lakes/water bodies
Natural Eutrophication occurs through addition of sediment, rainfall and decay of resident animals and plants and their excreta
Could potentially look at aquafers as well as water body
Clearing land releases trapped nitrogen
Natural Events (Floods etc.)
Excess nutrients washed off to water bodies, mixing nutrients from land to water
Indirect Drivers
Higher Energy Consumption
Population Growth
Increased fertiliser Consumption
Land Use Change
Economic Growth
Agricultural Intensification
