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DHR 2: Hearing with the Eye - Coggle Diagram
DHR 2: Hearing with the Eye
Southern Endeavor
1815: Virginia - William Bolling
sent children to Scotland Braidwood Academy (Oral Method) private, expensive, secretive
1771 John Bolling, went age 10; happy, can speak and read
wrote letters
1773 Samuel Johnson, writer, unclear but they speak, wread, write; "hear with the eye"
John first, followed by Mary and Thomas
Thomas "miracle of accomplishments"
unsettled tuitions/debt
sold slaves to pay
1783 - all 3 came home, NEW nation - got sick
John died
Bolling in debt to Braidwood, settlement for room,board, etc = expesive to educated deaf children
John Braidwood (grandson of THomas Braidwood
1810 Edinburgh school for deaf, expensive
1812 came to America, friend John Monroe, wanted institute under govt, highly anticipated arrival
article in National Intelligencer boasting of regards, await instructor
Looking for permanent situation
Bolling & Braidwood
1st private system geared toard wealthy
Bolling had family history, invested; Braidwood had $ interest
Braidwood - secret techniques, moved tongue with rod
Braidwood went to Baltimore, Bolling wanted Va. b/c of family
COBBS SCHOOL
Virginia, 1815 - 5 students
Bolling gave Braidwood money, Br went to NYC, financial trouble, debtors prison
Bolling gave more money
War 1812, Braidwwod had students, Bolling repoted Br as required and he was allowed to stay in america
1813 Samuel Branch approaached Braidwood to tutor/teach while Bolling away at war
isoated, lack of other adults, alcohol eventtually took its toll
1816 Braidwood left, $ problems, school close
1817 Bolling/Br again, teamed with John Kirkpatrick, minister
1818 Kirkpatrick removed Braidwood; he became bartender and died in 1820
Northern Endeavor
became 1st permanent school
1817 Hartford, Conn; Mason Fitch Cogswell
Cogswell
couldn't get Braidwood
minister, took census of deaf families, got 84 students
solicited funds and sent Thomas H Gallaudet (THG) to Boston, then 1815 he went to England
THG
Boston then 1815 England to study Braidwood method
Braidwood = mystery, profit, contract, never tell secret = THG said NO
Sicard wanted THG to go to Paris, met/convince Clerc to come to America
came here, raised $ support
1817 Gallaudet, Cogswell, Clerc = Connecticutt Assylum for the Education and institution of Deaf and Dumb Persons
then American School for the Deaf (still today
George Tuberville; former Cobbs school, then to American School for Deaf 1818; outlined contrasts b/w Va and CT teachings;
Stepdad Maffit
combine Eng and French methods
called Gallaudet and Clerc prodigies of genius and humanity
Differences
intentions, teaching methods, longevity; Northern vs. Southern; labor/political systems; status of deaf and other disadvantages
Northern: state cooperation required
Southern: individual, education does not equal govt.
Economies
South: agrarian, slave holding
North: merchant trade, seaports
Teaching
South: drudgery, laborious
North: from minister point of view = to speak to God, understood deaf, have opportunity for salvation via sign
Population
South: 5 pupils
North: survey, 84 deaf
Physical location
South: isolated, distant, rural, plantations/slaves, no financial network
North: population center, transportation, philanthropy, cosmopolitan, wealthy merchants
Methods
South: Oral, collapsed, 7 students, fewer number educated at a time
North: Manual, thrived, 31 students, most preling deaf, larger numbers could be educated
Founding
South: Bolling, private, oral = normal
North Cogswell, need fiancial support from state, donation; sign = lang= natural and inevitable; visual language