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SCHIZOPHRENIA, Nosology- the branch of medical science dealing with the…

- - - - Been around since the 1950s
      - Reduce hallucinations as high dopamine in the subcortex can contribute to hallucinations
      - Most well known is chlorpromazine, a dopamine antagonist, it reduces the action of dopamine by blocking receptors
    - - Made 20 years later
      - Less side effects
      - Clozapine, similar to chlorpromazine in the way it blocks dopamine but it also reduces serotonin and glutamate which enhances mood and cognitive functioning, lowering suicide rates
    - - Weaknesses
        
        Doesn't treat the cause only symptoms, symptoms return when drug ue stops
      - Strengths
        
        Instantly works
- - - - Double bind theory
        
        Suggests that SZ can be caused when a child receives contradictory messages from parents
        
        Communication levels
        
        Gregory Bateson
      - Expressed emotion
        
        Negative family climate in which a patients family is critical or hostile towards them or over involved and over emotional
        
        Elements
        
        Verbal criticism and occasional voilence
        
        Hostility
        
        Emotional over involvement in patients life
        
        Explains either relapse in patients or onset of SZ in vulnerable people
        
        The fact that EE can make people relapse suggests that SZ patients have a lower tolerance for hghly emotional interactions
        
        Noll found that a supportive and emotionally undemanding family environment may reduce a patients reliance on antipsychotic drugs and reduce the likelihood of a relapse
      - The schizophrenogenic mother
        
        Creates a family climate of secrecy and tension
        
        Causes distrust and later paranoid delusions which contribute to schizophrenia
        
        Cold dominant and moralistic
        
        Fromm- Reichmann suggests a certain type of mother can cause schizophrenia
      - Evaluation
        
        Strengths
        
        Support for family relationships- In the Tienari study, all adoptees who developed SZ had a disturbed foster family
        
        Weaknesses