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Triangles of the head/neck - Coggle Diagram
Triangles of the head/neck
Submental triangle
Anterior belly of Digastric
O: lower anterior border of mandible, digastric fossa
I: intermuscular tendon to posterior belly of digastric, body and greater horn of hyoid by fascial sling
Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve (from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular division of CN V)
Action: depression and retraction of mandible, elevate hyoid
Mylohyoid
O: lower internal surface of mandible, along myohyoid line
I: median intermuscular raphe with opposite site mylohyoid, superior body of hyoid
Innervation: mylohyoid nerve
Action: elevation of hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue
Geniohyoid
O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid
Innervation: C1 through CN XII
Action: elevation and protrusion of hyoid, elevation of larynx, depression of mandible
Carotid triangle
Borders
SCM
O: sternal head - anterior aspect of manubrium, clavicular head - superior aspect of medial part of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of nuchal line of occipital bone
Innervation: CN XI
Action: tilt head ipsilateral to contraction, rotation and extension contralateral, chin points up/away; extension protrusion of head, flexion and elevation sternum
Superior belly of Omohyoid
O: intermuscular tendon at superior aspect of clavicle
I: body of hyoid
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action: depression and stabilization of hyoid
Posterior belly of Digastric
O: mastoid notch medial to mastoid process
I: intermuscular tendon to anterior belly of digastric, body and greater horn of hyoid by fascial sling
Innervation: posterior auricular branch of facial
Action: depression and retraction of mandible, retraction, elevation, stabilization of hyoid
Contents - ones in sheath are starred**
Common carotid artery**
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein**
Retromandibular vein
Vagus nerve**
Ansa Cervicalis
Muscular triangle
Borders
Sternohyoid
O: medial end of clavicle and manibrium of sternum
I: body of hyoid
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Action: depression of hyoid, assists with depression of lower jaw
Superior belly of Omohyoid
O: intermuscular tendon at superior aspect of clavicle
I: body of hyoid
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action: depression and stabilization of hyoid
SCM
Contents
Sternothyroid
O: posterior aspect of manubrium of sternum
I: external surface of thyroid cartilage at the oblique line
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Action: depression of hyoid and thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid
O: external surface of thyroid cartilage along oblique line, superior to attachment of sternothyroid
I: inferior body and greater horn of hyoid bone
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Action: depression of hyoid, elevation of thyroid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Submandibular triangle
Borders of triangle
Anterior belly of Digastric
innervated: mylohyoid nerve
action: depresses and retracts mandible, elevates hyoid
O: lower anterior border of mandible, at digastric fossa
I: intermuscular tendon to posterior belly of digastric, body and greater horn of hyoid by fascial sling
Posterior belly of Digastric
Innervated: auricular branch (VII)
Action: depress and retract mandible, elevates and retracts hyoid
O: mastoid notch medial to mastoid process
I: intermuscular tendon to anterior belly of digastric, body and greater horn of hyoid by fascial sling
Inferior body of mandible
Contents of triangle
Mylohyoid
Innervated: mylohyoid nerve
Action: elevate hyoid, floor of mouth, tongue
O: lower internal surface of mandible, along mylohyoid line
I: median intermuscular raphe with opposite side mylohyoid, superior body of hyoid
Hyoglossus
O: superior surface of body and greater horn of hyoid
I: inferior surface of side of tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: depression and retraction of tongue
Middle pharangeal constrictor
Innervated: CN X
Action: constricts middle pharynx for swallowing
O: greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone
I: median pharyngeal raphe with opposite middle constrictor muscle
Stylohyoid
Innervated: cervical branch (VII)
Action: retraction and elevation of hyoid
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: superior surface of body of hyoid
Lingual artery to tongue, facial artery to face
Lingual vein from tongue, facial vein from superficial face
Submandibular salivary gland