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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HORMONES
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic-releasing
Pituitary gland
Anterior
Thyroid-stimulating (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), Gonadotropic (FSH, LH), Prolactin (PRL), Growth (GH), Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)
Posterior
Antidiuretic (ADH), Oxytocin
Parathyroids
Parathyroid (PTH)
Adrenal gland
Cortex
Glucocorticoids (cortisol), Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), Sex hormones
Medula
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pancreas
Insulin, Glucagon
Gonads
Testes
Androgens (testosterone)
Ovaries
Estrogens and progesterone
Thymus
Thymosins
Pineal gland
Melatonin
Thyroid
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL-ADRENAL AXIS
Made up of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland
Involves the body reaction to stress
Involved with the sympathetic nervous system
The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Causes increased heart rate and perspiration
HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL-GONADAL AXIS
Made up of the hypothalamus, pituitary glands, and gonads (testes, ovaries)
Involved in the reproductive and immune system
Releases GnRH, FSH,LH, FSH, estrogen, testosterone
Stimulates ovulation
Initiates and sustains spermatogenesis
HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM
Made up of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Takes place in blood capillaries with high vascular permeability
Transports gonadotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and thyrotropin releasing hormone
Collects in the blood capillaries
CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES
BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
Steroid hormones
Derived from cholesterol, made up lipids
Includes testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
Amine hormones
Derived from the modification of amino acids
Synthesized from the amino acids tryptophan or tyrosine
Includes T3, T4, epinephrine, norepinephrine
Glycoprotein hormones
Conjugated protein bound to carbohydrates which include galactose, mannose, fructose
Includes LH, FSH, TSH
Eicosanoids hormones
Made up of small fatty acid derivatives with a variety of arachidonic acid
Includes prostaglandins
Peptide hormones
Made up of only a few amino acid residues
Includes oxytocin and vasopressin
Protein hormones
Build up from a large number of amino acid residues
Includes insulin, glucagon, STH
BASED ON INFLUENCE OF HORMONE FUNCTION
Tropic hormones
From the anterior pituitary gland that affect the secretion of other endocrine glands
Includes the thyroid-stimulating hormone, corticotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
Non-tropic hormones
Directly stimulate target cells to induce effects, usually non-endocrine tissues
Includes TSH of pituitary stimulates secretion of thyroid gland
BASED ON SOLUBILITY
Lipid-soluble
Able to be dissolved in fats, oils, or fatty tissues
Repel water
Travel to the target cells to a special carrier protein with water affinity
Detach and pass into the cell to bind with receptors
Includes steroid and thyroid hormones
Water-soluble
Able to be dissolved in water
Mostly amino acid derivatives and peptides
Can freely travel in blood
Repelled by lipid or fatty structures
Bind to the receptor side to the outside of the cell for signalling
Includes eicosanoid, peptide, protein, and amine hormones
HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL-THYROID AXIS
Made up of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland
Responds to stress and regulation of metabolic system
Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback over hypothalamus and anterior pituitary