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Topic 10: Smuggling/Drug and Goods Trafficking - Coggle Diagram
Topic 10: Smuggling/Drug and Goods Trafficking
Drug trade includes 5 stages
Cultivation
Production
Trafficking
Distribution
Consumption
Impact of Globalisation
81% of the supply of Coca leaves from Columbia and Bolivia was transported outside those regions.
Drugs
Opium
Extracted from poppy plant.
Create morphine and heroin
Afghanistan = 97% opium production
Mexico = 6% Opium production
Decreased overall opium production since 2017
Cocaine
Columbia = 79% of production
Peru = 20% of production
Bolivia = 10% of production
Cannibus
Produced by more than 150 countries
Amphetamine-type stimulants
Quadrupled in production between 2004-2018
The act of Trafficking
Method
land, sea, air, post
Routes
Assisted through corruption
Country proximity
Manpower
Virtual delivery of drugs
Key roles
Kingpin, transporter, spotter
International acts
UN office of drug control and crime prevention (UNODCCP)
UNODCCP became UNODC in 2002.
Combatting drug trafficking
Interdiction
Direct ceasing of illicit substances before they reach their ending destination.
Stopping the supply chain
Decriminalisation/legalization
Deciminalization = semi-legal
Legalisation = entirely legal in all forms, e.g. alcohol.
Upstream interdiction
Interception closer to the source of production/cultivation
More effective for cocaine, as most of the cocaine production comes from one region.
Eradication
Seizing drug at the source
Plan Columbia
9 year plan with the aim to reduce the flow of illicit drugs.
Mainly through eradication and interdiction
In the span of 1999-2008, Columbia had decreased its production of illicit drugs by 56% fairly successful.
Balloon effect = When one region decreases its drug production another region increases, due to the stable demand.
Various markets
Legal market
All legally authorised for importation
Grey market
Unclear authorisation
Black market
No Authorisation