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An Overview of Learning Theories - Coggle Diagram
An Overview of Learning Theories
Dr. Mariale Hardiman- Brain-Targeted Teaching Model
Focusing on how the brain affects learning to then tailor teaching methods based on neurocognitive science.
View of Knowledge:
In this model, educators are teaching for knowledge mastery. Knowledge is seen through a neurological lens, how its processed and stored via the brain.
View of Learning:
A focus in this model is on how students learn best from a neurocognitive research background. Learning takes place in positive, secure environments where they are given the "big picture" of the concepts they are being taught.
How Theory Informs Instruction:
This model provides specific examples and instructions for how teachers can implement these practices into their curriculum. Instruction should be informed by research that focuses on how students learn best.
Benjamin Bloom- Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's Taxonomy deals with mastery and comprises of levels of expertise, moving from lower-order thinking skills to higher-order thinking skills.
View of Knowledge:
In this theory, cognitive abilities and knowledge of
how
to think is more important than specific content knowledge.
View of Learning:
Learning is not content-based, but is rather what happens cognitively within the student. This theory posits that it is more important to study the mastery of abilities, not of content.
How Theory Forms Instruction:
Bloom's Taxonomy is used in classroom curricula because it focuses on activities that support learning (such as "remember, understand, analyze"). It is also used as an assessment tool.
Robert Mills Gagne- Science of Instruction/Instructional Design
The Science of Instruction states that there are difference types/levels of learning and each type requires a different type of specific instruction.
View of Knowledge:
Knowledge will be better acquired when the instruction matches the type of learning being practiced. There are five types of learning/knowledge:
-Verbal information
-Intellectual Skills
-Cognitive strategies
-Motor Skills
-Attitudes
View of Learning
: Learning can always be made more efficient and effective with improved instructional methods. Learning should take place in a specific condition according to what is being learned.
How Theory Informs Instruction:
Informing instruction is the basis of this theory. This theory states that there is a specific sequence of instruction:
Gaining attention
Informing learners of the object
Stimulating recall of prior learning
Resenting the stimulus
Providing learning guidance
Eliciting performance
Providing feedback
Assessing performance
Enhancing retention and transfer.
B.F. Skinner- Operant Conditioning and Behaviorism
All behavior is learned from the environment, and learning can be accomplished through reinforcement and punishment.
View of Knowledge:
Knowledge is not inherent or innate, but rather comes from the learner's environment.
View of Learning:
Learning can be reinforced through operant conditioning. Students can learn via positive reinforcement or through punishment.
How Theory Informs Instruction:
Instructors must be mindful of the environment that they create for students, for the environment can play a large factor in their ability to learn and gain knowledge. Instructors should reward good behavior and acquisition of knowledge to reinforce the knowledge.
