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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (Lec 9 - Chapter 15), image, image, quyết định tự…
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
(Lec 9 - Chapter 15)
Definition
Supply chain mngt
the strategic coordination of business functions within a business organization and throughout its supply chain for the purpose of integrating supply and demand management
Logistic
the part of a supply chain involved with the forward and reverse flow of goods, services, cash, and information.
Supply chain
the sequence of organizations—their facilities, functions, and activities— that are involved in producing and delivering a product or service.
Six Sourcing Strategies
Many suppliers
Purchasing is typically based on price
Suppliers compete with one another
Commonly used for commodity products
Supplier is responsible for technology, expertise, forecasting, cost, quality, and delivery
Few suppliers
Buyer forms longer term relationships with fewer suppliers
Create value through economies of scale and learning curve improvements
Suppliers more willing to participate in JIT programs and contribute design and technological expertise
Cost of changing suppliers is huge
Trade secrets and other alliances may be at risk
Vertical integration
Developing the ability to produce goods or services previously purchased
Integration may be forward, towards the customer, or backward, towards suppliers
Can improve cost, quality, delivery, and inventory but requires capital, managerial skills, and demand
Risky in industries with rapid technological change
Joint ventures
Formal collaboration
Enhance skills
Secure supply
Reduce costs
The challenge is to cooperation without diluting brand or conceding competitive advantage
Keiretsu networks
Often provide financial support for suppliers through ownership or loans
Members expect long-term relationships and provide technical expertise and stable deliveries
Supplier becomes part of the company coalition
May extend through several levels of the supply chain
A middle ground between few suppliers, collaboration and vertical integration
Virtual companies
Fluid organizational boundaries that allow the creation of unique enterprises to meet changing market demands
Relationships may be short- or long-term
Rely on a variety of supplier relationships
to provide services on demand
Exceptionally lean performance, low capital investment, flexibility, and speed
Sourcing Issues
Make-or-Buy
Choosing between obtaining products and services externally as opposed to producing them internally
Outsourcing
Transfer traditional internal activities and resources to outside vendors
Efficiency in specialization
Focus on core competencies
Need for Supply Chain Mngt
Improve operations
Increasing levels of outsourcing
Increasing transportation costs
Competitive pressures
Increasing globalization
Increasing importance of e-commerce
Complexity of supply chains
Manage inventories
Benefits
Lower inventories
Higher productivity
Greater agility
Shorter lead times
Higher profits
Greater customer loyalty
Logistic
Refers to the movement of materials and information within a facility and to incoming and outgoing shipments of goods and materials in a supply chain
• Movement within the facility
• Incoming and outgoing shipments
• Bar coding
• EDI
• Distribution
• JIT Deliveries
Shipping Systems
Waterways
Typically used for bulky, low-value cargo
Used when shipping cost is more important than speed
Pipelines
Used for transporting oil, gas, and other chemical products
Airfreight
Fast and flexible for light loads
May be expensive
Multimodal
Combines shipping methods
Common, especially in international shipments
Aided by standardized containers
Third-Party Logistics (3PL)
Coordinate supplier inventory with delivery services
May provide warehousing, assembly, testing, shipping, customs
Outsourcing logistics can reduce inventory, costs, and improve delivery reliability and speed
Distribution requirements planning (DRP)
Uses of DRP
Management uses DRP to plan and coordinate
Transportation
Warehousing
Workers
Equipment
Financial flows
DRP is a system for inventory management and distribution planning
Extends the concepts of MRPII
Hoạch định phân phối tài nguyên
Electronic Data Interchage (EDI)
EDI – the direct transmission of interorganizational transactions, computer-to-computer, including purchase orders, shipping notices, and debit or credit memos.
Increased productivity
Reduction of paperwork
Lead time and inventory reduction
Facilitation of just-in-time systems
Electronic transfer of funds
Improved control of operations
Reduction in clerical labor
Increased accuracy
Trao đổi dữ liệu điện tử
Efficient consumer response (ECR)
Efficient consumer response (ECR) is a supply chain management initiative specific to the food industry
· Reflects companies’ efforts to achieve quick response using EDI and bar codes
Hoạt động Đáp ứng có hiệu quả cho khách hàng
E-Commerce
E-Commerce: the use of electronic technology to facilitate business transactions
Applications include
Internet buying and selling
E-mail
Order and shipment tracking
Electronic data interchange
Successful Supply Chain
Effective communications
Supply chain visibility
Event-management capability
The ability to detect and respond to unplanned events
Performance metrics
Trust among trading partners
SCOR Model
SCOR model giúp tạo ra chuỗi cung ứng hiệu quả
Measuring Supply-Chain Performancce
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