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Qualitative research, DEYSI YARISEL OJO VALDES 6-713-1044 - Coggle Diagram
Qualitative research
Participant Observation in the Field
Specific objectives
• That the Participant masters the “Entry into the Field” phase as part of the participant observation of a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to establish rapport during a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to identify the key informants for the development of a qualitative research.
• That the Participant master the field techniques necessary to carry out a qualitative investigation.
Entrance to the field
Participating observers enter the field in the hope of establishing open relationships with informants.
Observers remain relatively passive throughout the course of fieldwork, but especially during the first few days.
All observers face puzzling situations in the field
Establecer Rapport
• Communicate your sympathy for informants and get them to accept it as sincere.
• Penetrate behind people's “stranger defenses”.
• Getting people to "open up" and express their feelings about the stage and other people.
• Being seen as an unobjectionable person.
• Share the symbolic world of the informants, their language and their perspectives.
Key Informants
Ideally, participating observers develop close and open relationships with all informants.
Key informants sponsor the investigator on stage and are primary sources of investigation.
Close relationships are essential in field research
Field Techniques
• Act naive
• Be in the right place at the right time
• Informants should not know exactly what we are studying
• Aggressive field techniques can be employed after the scenario has been understood.
Working with the Data
Specific objectives
• That the Participant is able to carry out descriptive and theoretical studies to work with the data obtained in a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to carry out the development and verification of the theory in a qualitative investigation.
• Que el Participante sea capaz de realizar análisis en progreso dentro de una investigación cualitativa.
• That the Participant is able to work with life stories as sources of information in a qualitative investigation.
Descriptive and Theoretical Studies
All qualitative studies contain rich descriptive data
Descriptive studies are characterized by a minimum of interpretation and conceptualization.
In all studies the researchers present and order the data according to what they think is important.
Most qualitative studies are oriented towards the development or verification of sociological theory
Theory Development and Verification
Qualitative research, like quantitative studies, can and should be used in order to develop and verify or test propositions about the nature of social life.
Analytical induction is a procedure to verify theories and prepositions based on qualitative data, its purpose is to identify universal propositions and causal laws.
Analytic induction has been criticized for not living up to the claims of its early proponents who saw it as a method for establishing causal and universal laws.
Analysis in Progress
it is a process in continuous progress in qualitative research.
Some researchers prefer to distance themselves from the investigation before starting an intense analysis
It is a good idea to start the intensive analysis as soon as possible after you have completed the field work, or collected the data.
Construction of Life History
The life stories and important experiences of a person's life, or some main part of it, in the protagonist's own words.
Analysis in qualitative research begins with intimate knowledge of the data.
Design of the investigation
Specific objective
• That the Participant is able to develop an orientation towards people in the focus purpose of his qualitative research.
• That the Participant is able to properly select scenarios in which to carry out a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant master the ways to determine the diverse accesses to the field and to the people, to collect.
• That the participant masters the design and definition of data collection methodologies that can be used in qualitative research.
• That the participant masters the design and definition of data collection methodologies that can be used in qualitative research.
Go to the People
The reality that matters is what people perceive as important.
Empirical world
The task of the phenomenologist who studies qualitative methodology is to apprehend this process of interpretation, trying to see the codas from the point of view of other people.
Various accesses
Access to Organizations
Participating observers generally gain access to organizations by requesting permission from those responsible.
Access to Public and Quasi-Public Scenarios
Many studies are carried out in public settings (parks, government buildings, airports, railway stations, etc.) and semi-public (bars, restaurants, pool halls, theater, businesses, etc.).
Access to Private Stages
The task that the participant observer must perform to gain access to settings (houses) and private situations (some activities take place in all of a set of settings) is analogous to that of the interviewer to locate informants.
Data collection
Detailed field notes should be kept during the process of obtaining entry into a scenario
In-Depth Interviews
Specific objective
• That the Participant master the types of interviews that can be carried out during a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to approach the informants identified in a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to design an interview guide for a qualitative investigation.
• That the Participant is able to apply the survey technique in a qualitative investigation.
Interview Type
structured research instrument such as opinion activity surveys and questionnaires.
In-depth interviews have a lot in common with participant observation.
The primary difference between participant observation and in-depth interviews lies in the settings and situations in which the research takes place.
Approach to Informants
In most cases it is not known how many in-depth interviews will need to be conducted until you actually start talking to the informants
Misunderstandings
• The intentional motives of the researcher
• Anonymity.
• The final word.
• Money.
• Logistics.
DEYSI YARISEL OJO VALDES
6-713-1044