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revision - y8 mid-years, :old_key: history :books:, urbanisation, 🧬…

- - - - some in Madeira
  - - - began triangular trade in 1562
    - - slaves kept in forts along coast of W Africa European captains went ashore + did business w/ African chiefs/traders then herded human 'cargo' onto overcrowded ships
      - then Middle Passage across Atlantic Ocean - high death rate
        
        1680-88, British Royal African Company lost almost 1/4 of all slaves
      - shackled w/ leg-irons, branded w/ red-hot iron, heads shaved, clothes taken away
  - - - by mid 18th cent, > 260,00 African slaves in Virginia (mostly transported, not born)
        
        then :chart_with_downwards_trend: as tobacco trade reduced
        
        :chart_with_upwards_trend: as cotton as crop, especially after invention of cotton gin - 1793 - Eli Whitney (American from Conneticut)
        
        engine that speeded up process of separating cotton fibre from seeds
        
        more cotton could be separated/day, more cotton needed collection, more slaves needed
        
        supply rapidly expanding textile industry in Britain
    - - put to work on cotton, tobacco, sugar beet, :ear_of_rice: (rice) plantations in S states 17-18th cent
        
        :moneybag: of plantation owners depended on this
- - - - quarter hands
        
        half hands
        
        three-quarter hands
        
        full hands
    - - grew old, started down scale + ended as quarter hands
  - - - 15-20 lashes
  - - - gave half to owners
      - saved half
- - - - renamed Haiti - 1st black republic in Americas
  - - - led President Lincoln to allow more black recruits
- - - - unsuccessful revolts in Martinique + Guadeloupe in Caribbean in 1789
- - - - simple
        
        corn syrup, fructose, sugar, glucose
        
        provides quick energy - good for just before a race - will burn off quickly and then leave you hungry
      - complex
        
        pasta, bread
        
        slow burn - burns off slowly - like before a marathon - lasts you a long time
  - - - :carrot: :glass_of_milk: 🧈 liver
      - good :eye:sight, healthy skin
      - sore eyes, poor night vision, unhealthy skin
    - - healthy nerves, growth
      - yeast, cereal, beans :fried_egg: yolk
      - Beri-Beri - retarded growth
    - - citrus fruits (🍋, 🍊) + veg
      - tissue repair, resistance to disease
      - scurvy - bleeding gums, weak immune system (without vit C, weak connective tissue) + bruising skin
- - - - Hypothesis
        
        Prediction
        
        Test
        
        Analysis
        
        Scientific Explanation