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Structure and bonding - Coggle Diagram
Structure and bonding
Nanoparticles
Nanoscience.
Nanoscience deals with structures that are just a few hundred atoms in sixe or even smaller, they measure between 1-100nm. They are invisible to light so you cannot use a light microscope to view them you have to use an electron microscope.
Uses
Glass is covered with titanium oxide nanoparticles. The reaction the nanoparticles have with the sunlight causes dirt that lands on the window to decay.
Gold nanoparticles have been uses to carry drugs to tumours as they can be absorbed by them. They are small enough to go through arteries, veins and capillaries and not block them. The tumours then absorb the drugs out of the gold nanoparticles destroying the tumour cells
Disadvantages
The large surface area of the nanoparticles make them good catalysts and they could possibly be used for fuel. If a spark is made by an accident near a large quantity of them they could explode.
Ionic
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Ionic Compounds
Ions are attracted to oppositely charged ions. They will form and ionic compound for example Na+ and Cl- create NaCl.
Properties
Soluble, Most ionic compounds will dissolve in water. When an ionic compound is dissolved in water the water molecule break the ionic lattice.
HI Melting and Boiling points. The attractive electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions act in all directions. It take a lot of energy to break the lattice.
Conducts energy as a liquid. The high temperature provides enough energy to overcome the many strong forces between ions. The water makes them free to move.
Metallic Bonding
Properties
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Malleable. This means the shape of the ions. Metals are in neat rows meaning if you were to push the top row it would slide.
Hi melting and Boiling points. In the sea of delocalised electrons all the ions are attracting the electrons so this causes strong bonds in between This means more energy is needed to break the "glue".
Ductile. Being ductile is similar to maleability. However, ductility is when you can apply force to 2 layers and they can both slide.
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