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OSTEOLOGY OF THE ORO CRANIO FACIAL - Coggle Diagram
OSTEOLOGY OF THE ORO CRANIO FACIAL
OCF BONES BASED ON FUNCTION
NEUROCRANIUM
Forms the bones of the cranial base and vault
Divided into membranous and cartilaginous neurocranium
FRONTAL BONE forms the front front of the skull and it's features
PARIETAL BONE forms the roof and sides of the skull
SPHENOID BONE forms the nasal cavity
TEMPORAL BONE is where ligaments attach
OCCIPTAL BONE has an opening for the spinal cord
ETHMOID BONE separates the nasal cavity and the brain
VISCEROCRANIUM
Forms the bones of the face
Supports soft tissue on the face
ZYGOMATIC (2) form the cheeks
LACRIMAL (2) form the medial wall of the orbit
PALATINE (2) form the palatine, roof of mouth and floor of orbit
NASAL CONCHA (2) form the bridge of the nose
MAXILLA (2) form upper jaw, bed for upper teeth, floor of nose, and base of orbit
MANDIBLE form the lower jaw, attached is the TML
OCF BONES BASED ON SHAPE
FLAT BONES
Thin, curved, and relatively broad
Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layer of compact bone
Spongy material is called the DIPLOE, which contains marrow
OCCIPITAL BONE, PARIETAL BONE, FRONTAL BONE
IRREGULAR BONES
Complex, have no characteristic shape
Made up of layer of spongy bone covered by compact bone plates
TEMPORAL, PALATINE, MAXILLA, MANDIBLE, ETHMOID, SPHENOID, ZYGOMATIC, INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA
OCF JOINTS
BASED ON MOBILITY
Synarthrosis
Immobile or allow limited mobility
Includes fibrous and gomphosis joints
METOPIC SUTURE, CORONAL SUTURE, TEETH AND SOCKETS OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE
Amphiarthrosis
Allow small amount of mobility
BASED ON STUCTURE
Fibrous joint
Dense, touch connective tissue
Immovable and interlocked with irregular edges
Rich in collagen fibers
Includes sutures: SIMPLE, BEVELLED, SAGITTAL
Cartilaginous joint
Fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Allow more movement than fibrous joint
Less movement than synovial joint
SPHENO-OCCIPITAL SYNCHONDROSIS
Synovial joint
Dense irregular tissue
Filled with synovial fluid
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS, ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT
TMJ STRUCTURE
Superior compartment
Between squamous portion of temporal and articular disc
Provide translational movement
Inferior compartment
Between articular disc and condyle
Provide rotational movement
Internal surface is covered with endothelial cells
Contain synovial joint
TMJ LIGAMENTS
Stylomandibular ligament
Thickening of deep cervical fascia
Helps limit anterior protrusion of the mandible
Temporomandibular ligament
Thickened lateral aspect of capsule
Prevents displacement of condyle
Composed of outer oblique, inner horizontal
Collateral ligaments
Composed of medial and lateral collateral ligament
Collagenous connective tissue
Do not stretch
TMJ BORDERS
Mandibular fossa
Borders the superior compartment of the TMJ superiorly
Smooth concave articular surface
Formed by squamous and petrous temporal bone
Articular disc
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Between squamous temporal bone and condyle
Borders the superior compartment of TMJ inferiorly
Borders inferior compartment of TMJ superiorly
Avasvular and aneural central part
Vascular and innervated peripheral areas
Mandibular condyle
Articulate with articular disc
Shaped like footballs
Borders the inferior compartment of the TMJ inferiorly
TMJ COMPONENTS
Arterial supply
Superficial temporal
Deep auricular
Anterior tympanic
Innervation
Auriculotemporal
Masseteric
Posterior deep temporal
Venous drainage
Superficial temporal
Maxillary
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF OCF BONES
PROJECTIONS
Processus
A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body
TEMPORAL STYLOID PROCESS, ALVEOLAR PROCESS, FRONTALIS PROCESS
Protuberantia
Swelling, bulging or protruding parts of the bone
MENTAL PROTUBERANCE, EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE
Tubercle
Small rounded knob-like projection
ARTICULAR TUBERCLE, MENTAL TUBERCLE
Linea
Long narrow ridge or border
TEMPORAL LINE, MYLOHYOIDEA LINE
Spina
Raised, sharp elevation of the bone
MENTAL SPINE
DEPRESSIONS
Fossa
Channels for soft tissue or joints
MANDIBULAR FOSSA, PITUITARY FOSSA
Fissure
Open slit in bone
Houses nerves and blood vessels
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE, INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
Fovea
Tiny pit or depression
PTERYGOID FOVEA
Sulcus
Furrow or grove along bone surface
Accommodates blood vessel, nerve or tendon
HOLES
Foramen
Opening for blood vessels, nerves or ligaments
MYLOHYOID FORAMEN, FORAMEN MAGNUM, MENTAL FORAMEN, MANDIBULAR FORAMEN
Canalis
Tubular bony passage
Connects different regions of the OCF
CAROTID CANAL, FACIAL CANAL, CONDYLAR CANAL
Porous
Minute holes and spaces within the bone
Filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels
POSTERIOR MANDIBLE, ANTEIOR MAXILLA, PPOSTERIOR MAXILLA. ANTERIOR MANDIBLE
Meatus
Tube-like opening
Provide passage and protection to nerves, vessels, and sound
EXTERNAL AUDIOTRY MEATUS
MICROSCOPIC DIFFERENCE OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE
MAXILLA
Comes from HYALINE CARTILAGE
Form the lateral and medial alveolar plates
Thin and porous cortex
Trabecular
Bone density D3
Thin layer of cortical bone surrounding trabecular bone
MANDIBLE
Comes from MECKEL'S CARTILAGE
Form the neural canal on the lateral and medial alveolar plates
Thick cortex
Minimal trabeculae
Bone density D2
Thick layer of compact bone surrounding dense trabecular bone
OSSIFICATION DIFFERENCE IN MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION (MAXILLA)
Formation of osteoid between two dense connective tissue
Osteoid replaces outer connective tissue
Uses method of appositional growth
Osteoid mineralizes to form the bone
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION (MANDIBLE)
Formation of osteoid within hyaline cartilage
Cartilage becomes mineralized and dies