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the effects of other factors on disease (KE) - Coggle Diagram
the effects of other factors on disease (KE)
Global Temperature
many diseases (including malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and sleeping sickness) whose epidemiology depends on warm, humid conditions are endemic to the tropics and sub-tropics
diseases influenced by climate often show seasonal patterns. This is partly because temperature determines rates of vector development and behaviour, as well as viral replication
dengue fever
dengue fever is widespread in the tropics
annually it infects around 400 million people and is responsible for 25,000 deaths
climate controls dengue fever's epidemiology and the life cycle of the
Aedes Mosquitos
which transmit the dengue virus to humans
mosquitoes thrive in warm, humid conditions, which in turn favours the outbreak of dengue
in the South Pacific, sustained temperatures of over 32°C and humidity levels above 95% trigger waves of dengue epidemics
these conditions occur in the summer months, but short-term weather changes and exceptional rainfall events can also lead to outbreaks of the disease
Global Precipitation
precipitation - which is often seasonal in the tropics - creates aquatic habitats such as ponds and stagnant pools, which allow insects and vectors to flourish and complete their life cycles
Global Relief
relief affects global patterns of disease because altitude causes abrupt changes in climate and disease habitats
in Ethiopia, malaria is concentrated in the humid lowlands but is largely absent in the cooler highlands
Global Water Sources
many diseases are water-borne
in the developing world millions of people rely on water from wells and surface supplies contaminated by sewage
bacteria responsible for cholera and other infectious diseases thrive in these conditions
unprotected and stagnant drinking water supplies also provide habitats for disease vectors
for example,
copepod
vectors which transmit the parasitical disease Guinea worm to humans in West Africa
