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The french revolution
The french revolution
which saw the abolition of:
the end of the estates system of the Ancien Régime
the absolute monarchy
began in 1789
was a period of violent
political
social
changes
is considered to be the first European bourgeois revolution
The causes of the french revolution
factors:
The economic crisis
the French monarchy was heavily in debt
his was because of the court's excessive spending on
palaces
parties
other luxuries
also because of France's participation in military conflicts
such as the American War of Independence
The influence of the Enlightenment
bourgeoisie
supported Enlightenment ideas
and wanted to put them into practice
For example:
they demanded that all French subjects be
free
equal before the law
French intellectuals
The social crisis
the economic crisis affected each of the three estates differently
The privileged estates (the clergy and the nobility)
were able to maintain their income
Third Estate (the non-privileged)
suffered from rising taxes
since they were the only estate that paid tax
The political crisis
to improve royal finances
Louis XVI's ministers suggested that the privileged estates should pay tax
The nobility and clergy refused
and demanded that the king call the Estates General
This was the only body that could approve new taxes
Louis XVI governed France as an absolute monarch
He opposed meetings of the Estates General
so that the estates could not limit his power and present their demands
in the face of the nobility and clergy's demands
he was forced to call the Estates General in 1789
The estates general
The spread of Enlightenment ideas
Most of the clergy and nobility
were opposed to losing their privileges
The Third Estate demanded
equality before the law
an end to the clergy and nobility's privileges
in addition, the enlightened bourgeoisie wanted to end absolute monarchy
so that they would be able to participate in politics
The peasants wanted to abolish tithes and end feudal privileges
Unequal representation
In the Estates General the three estates met separately
Each estate had one vote
even though the Third Estate had twice as many representatives as the other estates
