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THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE - Coggle Diagram
THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
THE COURSE OF THE WAR
Local and provincial councils
were formed to fight against the French
these committees were governmental organisations whose members were elected by the people
people were voting to choose their representatives
for the first time in Spain
were led by the Central Council
represented the absent Fernando VII in areas that had not been occupied by the French
the war itself can be divided into several phases
1808–1812
guerrilla warfare began
napoleon came to Spain to oversee the French occupation
here were sieges in some cities
Gerona
Zaragoza
the French occupied all of Spain except for Cádiz
1812–1813
the Central Council signed a military alliance with Great Britain
Napoleon withdrew some of his troops from Spain in order to send them to Russia
the Anglo-Spanish and Portuguese troop won victories at Los Arapiles, Vitoria and San Marcial
led by the Duke of Wellington
Napoleon signed the Treaty of Valençay
in December 1813
as a result Fernando VII returned to the throne
1808
panish forces won several victories
including the Battle of Bailén
this temporarily stopped the French from reaching Andalucía
consequences of the War of Independence were devastating for Spain
cities and industries were destroyed
agriculture was abandoned
almost a million people died in the war
THE CÁDIZ CORTES
the Central Council took refuge in Cádiz from the advancing French troops
it was replaced by the Regency Council, which called the Cádiz Cortes
in 1810
the Cádiz Cortes was the first unified cortes in which each deputy had an individual vote
was no longer based on the estates system
each deputy represented the whole nation rather than the estate into which he had been born
There were 223 deputies
who were elected by the Spanish and American provinces
most of them were
military men
lawyers
clergy
merchants
bourgeoisie
different groups emerged in the Cortes, based on their political views
the supporters of Enlightenment ideas
who wanted to end the Ancien Régime in Spain
establish a constitutional monarchy with
popular sovereignty
the separation of powers
the absolutists
who wanted the king to be restored as an absolute monarch
19 March 1812
was a victory for the Enlightenment ideas of
equality
liberty
Cádiz Cortes approved Spain's first constitution
saw the Spanish population fight against the French
from 1808 to 1813
on 2 May 1808
the people of Madrid rose up against the French occupation but they failed to overthrow the French
they were defeat
other parts of Spain were encouraged
by their actions and the Spanish War of Independence began