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PSY205: S6 Prejudice and Stereotypes, A preconceived negative judgment /…
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A belief that associates a group of people with certain traits. Overgeneralisation. There are some truths within it.
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Stereotype when strong, colours our judgment of individual and causes bias
Activated automatically when encountering stereotype-related information (automatic process), however, can be overcome by controlled process through disregarding the stereotyped information
A belief that the world is just and hence people get what they deserve. This hence does not account for inequality like belonging in a disadvantaged group or factors like connections available to advantaged groups
Influence us to become prejudice. Vivid cases: When a person distinctive trait distorts our judgement towards this social group. Creating illusory correlation between people and behaviour
members or non members of social categories used.
Outgroup homogenity effectwhen we think in-group, we think of specific members, when we think of outgroup, we view group as a whole, all are a like.
Representation Accurate representation for ingroup (less likely to generalise) Inaccurate representation for outgroup (tendency to generalise)
Classification of people into groups on common attributes eg (gender, ethnicity, likings, hobbies)
Prejudice are maintained by inertia. If prejudice is socially accepted, many will conform
How parents, peers, teachers are our first instructors to group differences.
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A personality that that is disposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of out groups and those in status
leaders invoke religion to sanctify present order. Using religion to justify and keep things in order
Unequal status breeds prejudice. upperclass are more likely than those in poverty to see people's fortune as the outcome they have earned due to skills, efforts & not the result from connections and luck
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Rooted in frustration leading to aggression, displaced aggression, taking out on convenient target: known as displaced aggression
We categorise, identify ourselves with certain groups and gain self esteem while doing so, and we compare to outgroups.
People who lack self esteem would often want to be identified with a group, boosting up their self esteem
Competition, a major source of frustration. Hence group competes for scare resources
Supports positive self concept , as we will feel better by identifying ourselves as a group. Feed favouritism
Status is relative: To perceive ourselves as having status, we need people below us. Terror management: shielding themselves from the threat of death
Changes how we perceive actions and act towards stereotyped groups Prejudice guides our attention, memory and are self-perpetuating whereby when members behave as expected, priority of belief is confirmed.
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Involves accommodating individuals who deviate from stereotypes by thinking of them as exception to the rule
Occurs when people are unable to accomodate to inconsistent information hence create a new stereotype
Stereotyped individuals are at risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about their own group.
relevant when it is performance-based, sense of evaluation and presence of negative stereotype
Can impair performance by triggering physiological arousal, draining cognitive resources and impairing working memory