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ODONTOGENESIS - Coggle Diagram
ODONTOGENESIS
DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL SEED
INITIATION STAGE
6-7th week
INDUCTION of ectodermal and mesenchymal tissues
Dental lamina is produced
Curved dental arches start developing
BUD STAGE
8th week
PROLIFERATION of the dental lamina
20 TOOTH BUDS are formed
CAP STAGE
9-10th week
PROLIFERATION continues
DIFFERENTIATION occurs
MORPHOGENESIS occurs to form the tooth germ
Depression forms the enamel organ
Condensed ectomesenchyme forms the dental papilla
Remaining ectomesenchyme condenses to form the dental sac
BELL STAGE
11-12th week
PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION, and MORPHOGENESIS continues
Four new cell types are formed within the enamel organ
The cap deepens
Tooth crown assumes final shape
Two new tissue layers within the dental papilla are formed
APPOSITION/ SECRETORY STAGE
Various times
Enamel, dentin, and cementum is partially mineralized
INDUCTION continues to occur in the enamel organ and dental papilla
MATURATION STAGE
Various times
Matrices of hard dental tissue fully mineralizes
ROOT GROWTH
Takes place after the crown in complete and tooth is starting to erupt into the cavity
Cervical loop is responsible, which grows deeper into the ectomesenchyme to form HERS
ROOT DENTIN FORMATION
Outer cells of dental papilla DIFFERENTIATE to form odontoblasts to produce coronal dentin
HERS induce odontoblastic DIFFERENTIATION but fails
Cells secrete PREDENTIN
HERS and basement membranes disintegrate
CEMENTUM AND PULP FORMATION
Occurs in the root area when HERS disintegrates
Undifferentiated cells contacts new surface of root dentin
Contact induces dental sac cells to become immature cementoblasts
Cementoblasts become mature cementocytes
Cementoid becomes CALCIFIED and becomes the cementum
Dentinocemental junction is formed
Central cells of dental papilla forms the pulp
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT AND ELVEOLAR BONE DEVELOPMENT
Ectomesenchyme of dental sac forms PDL
Ectomesenychme of dental sac mineralizes to form tooth sockets (alveoli) of alveolar bone, surrounding the PDL
MULTIROOTED TEETH
Differential growth of HERS causes root trunk to divide into two or three roots
Elongation of cervical loop
Two or three cervical openings are formed
Cementoblasts form the cementum on the periphery of each opening
EMBRYOLOGICAL
ORIGINS OF
TOOTH SEED
Housed in dental arches
Will develop into primary teeth after DIFFERENTIATION
ENAMEL ORGAN
Cap shaped depression
Located in the deepest part of the dental lamina
Derived from ECTODERM
Produces enamel on the crown outer surface
Crown will be formed by the innermost part
DENTAL PAPILLA
Derived from condensed ECTOMESENCHYME
Produces future dentin and pulp for the inner tooth
DENTAL SAC
Derived from condensation of ECTOMESENCHYME
Will produce periodontium, cementum, PDL, and alveolar process
TISSUES SUPPORTING THE TEETH
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
Connective tissue between the tooth and alveolar bone
Connects the toothe to the jaw
FIbers of the PDL is embedded in the bone and cementum
Has sensory receptors
ALVEOLAR BONE
Thick ridge of bone
Contains tooth sockets
Located on maxilla and mandible
Supports the root and keeps them in place
CEMENTUM
Covers the root and interlocked with the root dentin
Mineralized avascular connective tissue
Apatite and made up of collagen
GINGIVA/ GUMS
Mucosa tissue that surrounds the base of the teeth
Protects the teeth and underlying bones
Provide barrier against infection
Attached to the tooth, forming a seal
INITIATING DENTAL
SEED FORMATION
Begins between 6-7th week of prenatal development
Dependant on INDUCTION
INITIATION PROCESS
ECTOMESENCHYMAL CELLS accumulates below the oral ephitelium
Oral epithelium PROLIFERATES
Primary epithelial band DIFFERENTIATES to form the oral vestibule and dental lamina
Dental lamina FORMS a sheet of epithelial cells
20 TOOTH BUDS form
Lamina continues to develop permanent teeth
AMELOGENESIS AND DENTINOGENESIS MORPHOGENESIS
DENTINOGENESIS/ DENTIN FORMATION
Formed by DIFFERENTIATING odontoblasts from ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla
ODONTOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION
DIFFERENTIATION of odontoblasts from dental papilla
Dental papilla cells separate from inner enamel ephithelium
Cells of the inner enamel reverse polarity
Ectomesenchymal cells ENLARGE and ELONGATE into pre-odontoblasts and then odontoblasts
Acellular zone is ELIMINATED for odontoblasts to occupy the zone
Differentiated cells are polarized
FORMATION OF MANTLE DENTIN
Collagen fibrils extend toward inner enamel epithelium
Odontoblasts increase in size and form a layer of mantle predentin
Plasma membrane of odontoblast extends
Odontoblast buds off matrix vesicles and move towards the pulp
Mineral crystals grows and FUSE with adjacent clusters
Predentin is formed
Matrix protein is produced to regulate mineral deposition
Coronal mantle dentin is formed and added to the primary dentin
VASCULAR SUPPLY
Capillaries are found under newly differentiated odontoblasts
Capillaries migrate between odontoblasts
Capillaries retreat back to endothelial lining once dentinogenesisis complete
CONTROL OF MINERALIZATION
Achieved by continuous deposition of mineral
Located in the matrix vesicle and mineralization front
PATTERN OF MINERALIZATION
GLOBULAR CALCIFICATION forms globular masses as seen in the mantle dentin
LINEAR CALCIFICATION is more uniform and develops slowly
FORMATION OF ROOT DENTIN
Ephithelial cells DIFFERENTIATE to form root dentin
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY DENTINOGENESIS
SECONDARY DENTINOGENESIS is similar to primary dentinogenesis, derived from the same odontoblasts with a slower pace
TERTIARY DENTINOGENESIS is deposited in specific sites that experience injuries
AMELOGENESIS/
ENAMEL FORMATION
PRESECRETORY
DIFFERENTIATION ameloblasts acquire phenotype
Ameloblasts change polarity and further develop
Ameloblasts prepare to secrete the organic matrix of enamel
SECRETORY
Ameloblasts elaborate and organize the entire enamel thickness
Formation of a highly ordered tissue
MATURATION
Ameloblasts modulate and transport ions required for the concurrent accretion of minerals
Ameloblasts are able to carry out activities according to the developmental requirements
Begins at the early crown stage of development
PROCESS OF TOOTH ERUPTION
PREFUNCTIONAL ERRUPTIVE PHASE
ROOT FORMATION
PROLIFERATION of epithelial root cheath
INITIAION of root dentin and pulp tissue formation
MOVEMENT
Enamel epithelium FUSES with oral epithelium
Both PROLIFERATE towards each other
Erupting crown arises
PENETRATION
Crown tip penetrates the fused layers
Enamel is covered by cuticle when entering the oral cavity
INTRAORAL OCCLUSAL OR INCICSAL MOVEMENT
Erupting tooth moves until contact with opposing crown
TOOTH ERUPTION PROCESS
Enamel growth stops in the crown
Layers of enamel organ COMPRESS to form reduce enamel ephiitelium (REE)
REE fuses with oral epithelium
REE enzymes disintegrate central part of fused tissue forming a tunnel for tooth eruption