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Mobility/Tissue: Compartment Syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Mobility/Tissue: Compartment Syndrome
Complications
Rhabdomyolysis
AKI - myoglobin
Infection
Amputation
Paralysis of extremity
Gangrene
Death/Necrosis
Signs and symptoms
Edema
Pain
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Pallor
Blisters
Coolness distal from the compartment
Necrosis
Loss of motor function
Collaborative interventions
Release pressure
Elevate extremity
Amputation - wound care
Administer oxygen
Frequent assessment of location affected
Fasciotomy - wound care
Pain management
Labs
Creatinine
Phosphokinase
Urine myoglobin
RFT - BUN, GFR
Intercompartmental pressures
Risks
Excessive alcohol/drug use
Hypotension
Participation in contact sports
Fracture
Venous injury
Obstruction
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Tight casts, splints
3rd degree burn victims
Increased fluid volume
Crushing wound
Pathophysiology
Trauma leads to an accumulation of fluid and an increase
in pressure within the fascial compartment. The intracompartmental increase in pressure causes capillaries to collapse. The collapsing of capillaries progresses to hypoperfusion and eventually ischemia.
Skeletal muscle releases a histamine-like agent and inflammation occurs along with an increase in vascular permeability. Fascia and bone prevent tissue expansion as well.
Besides leaking from the capillaries, blood sludges and clots, also contributing to ischemia. The ischemia creates decomposition of myocytes into osmotic particles that pull water from arterial blood. The fluid pulled leads to a further increase in pressure.