Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Spanish War of Independence, image, image, image, image, image, image …
The Spanish War of Independence
The start of the Spanish War of Independence
The Spanish War of Independence happened between 1808 to 1813 when the Spanish fought against the French
On 2 May 1808 the people of Madrid rose up against the French occupation but they were defeated
After the first revolt, the Spanish were encouraged and the Spanish War of Independence began
The course of the war
Local and provincial councils were formed to fight against the French
The committees were governmental organisations whose members were elected by the people
Central Council
Represented the absent of Fernando VII in areas that were not occupied by the French
It led the committees
It had legislative and executive power so it could sign treaties and managed the war effort
The different phases of the war
1808–1812
Napoleon came to Spain to oversee the French occupation
There were sieges in some cities, such as Zaragoza and Gerona
the French occupied all of Spain except for Cádiz
1812–1813
the Central Council signed a military alliance with Great Britain.
Napoleon withdrew some of his troops from Spain in order to send them to Russia
The Anglo-Spanish and Portuguese troops, led by the Duke of Wellington won some victories in various places in Spain and forced the French to withdraw from Spain
In December 1813, Napoleon signed the Treaty of Valençay and Fernando VII returned to the throne
1808
Spanish forces won several victories, including the Battle of Bailén
It stopped temporarily the French from reaching Andalucia
The consequences of the war
Cities and industries were destroyed
Almost a million people died in the war
Agriculture was abandoned
The Cádiz Cortes
The Central Council took refuge in Cádiz from the French. In 1810 it was replaced by the Regency Council (The Cádiz Cortes)
It was the first unified cortes in which each deputy (or representative of the Spanish people) had an individual vote
Each deputy represented the whole nation rather than the estate into which he had been born
There were 223 deputies who were elected by the Spanish and American provinces
Different groups emerged in the Cortes
the supporters of Enlightenment ideas
The absolutists
On May 1812 the Cádiz Cortes approved Spain's first constitution
The Constitution of 1812 and its principles
The separation of powers
The monarch had the executive power
The monarch and the Cortes had the legislative power
The courts of Justice had the judicial power
Guaranteed rights and freedoms
The right to privacy
Freedom of the press
Equality before the law
The prohibition of torture
Popular sovereignty with limited male suffrage
Catholicism was the official state religion
A constitutional monarchy
