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bio molecules, vocab, by Sophie Lobmeier :<3: - Coggle Diagram
bio molecules
proteins
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protien structure
primary structure = the sequence of amino acids joined together in a line, poly peptide chains are 12amino acids long
secondary = H-bonding, causes chains to coil up into a alpha helix. beta sheets could also form
tertiary = different types of bonding occur (ionic ,hydrogen, and covalent) between R groups, this makes the alpha helix bend and curve
Quartenary structure = proteins that are more then one poly peptide chain. it is organized in a specific arrangement of polypeptide chains from that protein
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carbohydrates
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di saccharideas
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these are formed by two monosaccharides going through dehydration synthesis, this is a reaction
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enzyms
enzymes in the body are used to break down the polysaccharides and monosachrides into smaller units and then are used for several things within the body
carbs are made of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, they normally have the general formula of Cn(H2O)n. this explains the name (hydrated carbon)
different forms are used for different things, some for energy, storage, and structural support in plants as well as animals.
they are used for sort term energy supply. and energy storage. they are cell membrane markers, they are also like an exoskeleton
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Lipids
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saturated
no double bonds, carbon are saturated with hydrogens
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these are what are classified as "bad" fats in the dietary world, this means that they are known to contribute to heart issues such as cancer, stroke and disease
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unsaturated
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unsaturated fats are normally liquid at room temperature, such as examples like vegetable oil or omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids
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unsaturated fatty acids have a bend in there structure since it is not solid, this bend is connected wit ha double bond
lipids are long term energy storage, they are insulation , they help to structure things such as cell membranes. they are chemical messengers
natural fats are called triglycerides, these are formed by hydration synthesis. triglycerides are non-charged and non-polar. these fats do not mix with water, they are hydrophobic.
soaps are made by mixing a base and a fatty acid, they are polar. the oil will disperse water in a process called emulsification
phospholipids are important parts of cell membranes. they have the same basic structure as neutral fats but one fatty acid is replaced is replaced with a phosphate groups wit ha charged nitrogen attached. phospholipids have a head which is phosphate containing, and have two fatty acid tails. the head is hydrophilic and the they are hydrophobic. it is two layers and the tails are facing each other. cholesterol can cause problems when it is dietary cholesterol, this type of cholesterol can form artery plugs what can lead to strokes and meany heart problems. dietary cholesterol is only found in animal products. there is no cholesterol in plant foods.
steroids are another type of lipid. they are multi ringed structure, they are all deprived from cholesterol. cholesterol may have a bad rep but it is essential and found in every cell in the body. steroids can function as chemical messengers, they also form meany hormones such as things like estrogen and testosterone.
dehydration synthesis
the molocules combine when -OH is taken from one and H is taken from another, the -OH and H connect to make a water molocule. the other two connect to make a monocaccharudeas or polysaccharides
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