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The Overview of Curriculum and the Approaches and Methods in Language…
The Overview of Curriculum and the Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
Method
Emergence of methods
Influence of Latin (17th-19th centuries)
Statements of abstract grammar, rules, and vocabulary for translation and memorization.
Grammar-Translation Method
Grammar is taught deductively and accuracy is emphasized.
Sentence: Basic unit of teaching.
Reform Movement
Use of conversation texts and dialogues.
Inductive approach teaching of grammar.
Direct Method
Grammar is taught inductively.
Focus on speech and listening comprehension.
Elements
Approach
Theory of the nature of language learning.
Design
General and specific objectives of the method.
Objectives
Orientation and achievement.
Syllabus
Organization and presentation of materials.
Roles
Teacher
To integrate objectives, methods, and learning theory.
Learner
-Planning their learning program.
-Interacting with others.
-Learning from other resources.
Instructional material
Connections between material and student's needs.
Procedure
Classroom techniques, practices and behaviours observed when the method is used.
Resources.
Interactional pattern.
Tactics.
Strategies.
Approach and Method
Edward Anthony (1963)
Levels of conceptualization and organization.
Approach
Correlation assumptions about the nature of language teaching and learning.
Method
An overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material.
Technique
Particular trick used to accomplish an immediate objective.
Approach
Theory of language
Cognitive model
Language reflects properties of the mind.
Structural model
Language: System of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning.
Functional model
Language: Vehicle for the expressions of functional meanings.
Interactional model
Language: Tool for the creation of social interactions.
Sociocultural model
Language: Communicative activity in which the social context is central.
Genre model
Language:Resource for meaning making.
Lexical model
Language: Prioritizes the role of lexis and lexical chunks.
Theory of learning
Behaviorism
Specific behaviors are acquired in response to language.
Cognitive-code learning
Lenguage learning is a cognitive process.
Creative-construction hypothesis
Learning is a creative process.
Skill learning
Skills are learned through practice.
Interactional theory
Learning is a interactive process.
Constructivism
Learning depends on learner´s construction of meaning.
Social constructivism
Language learning results from dialogue.
Curriculum
Way of organizing the instructional activities into an instrument.
Ariana Lucía Valladares Carranza
