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waves - Coggle Diagram
waves
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refraction
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how much it's refracted depends on how much the wave speeds up or slows down which usually depends on the density of the two materials (usually the higher the density of a material, the slower a wave travels through it). if a wave crosses a boundary and slows down it will bend towards the normal. if it crosses into a material and speeds up it will bend away from the normal
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if the wave is travelling along the normal, it will change speed but its not refracted
the optical density of a material is a measure of how quickly light can travel through it- the higher the optical density, the slower light waves travel through it
parts of a wave
amplitude- the amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point of the wave from its undisturbed position
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frequency- the frequency of a wave is number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. frequency is measured in hertz. 1 hertz is 1 wave per second
period- you can find the period of a wave using the frequency. this is the amount of time it takes for a full cycle of the wave
when waves arrive at a boundary between two different materials, three things can happen
the wave are transmitted- the waves carry on travelling through the new material. this often leads to refraction
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the waves are absorbed by the material the wave is trying to cross into- this transfers energy to the materials energy stores ( this is how microwaves works)
what actually happens depends on the wavelength of the wave and the properties of the materials involved
waves energy transfer
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when waves travel through a medium, the particles of the medium oscillate and transfer energy between each other
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transverse waves
in transverse waves, the oscillations (vibrations) are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
most waves are transverse such as electromagnetic wavesl, ripples and waves in water
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