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SAVE MY NECK - Coggle Diagram

- - - - thyroid cancer
  - - - changes in chromosomes
    - - assessment of cancer risk.
    - - metabolites
      - electrolytes
      - proteins
    - - lung cancer.
    - - kidney or urothelial cancers
  - - - powerful magnetic and radio waves
      - pictures in slices
      - healthy and unhealthy tissue detection
    - - injected radioactive material
      - mesures radioactivity
      - pictures of bones or organs
    - - x-ray to a computer
      - 3D images of structures
- - - - Cell cycle depedant
    - - It acts as an oxidase meaning that it generates free oxygen radicals that will cause breaks in the DNA
    - - it is inactivated by an enzyme hydrolase
    - - it is a peptide that has a DNA binding site at one end and Iron binding site at the other end
    - - most dominant side effect is pulmonary toxicity that could progress into pulmonary fibrosis
  - - - Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
    - - Cell cycle independant
    - - intercalates between the DNA pair bases preventing DNA and RNA polymerase from bind therefore inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis
      - Generates free oxygen radicals that causes breaks in the DNA
      - Inhibits topoisomerase enzyme
    - - Most dominant side effect is Cardiotoxicity that can cause diluted Cardiomyopathy
  - - - Cell cycle independent
    - - intercalates between the DNA pair bases preventing DNA and RNA polymerase from bind therefore inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis
      - Generates free oxygen radicals that causes breaks in the DNA
    - - myelosuppression and loss of hair (alopecia)
    - - Pediatric cancers
        
        Example
        
        Ewings sarcoma
- - - - restorative
      - diagnostic
      - curative
      - staging
      - support
      - preventive
      - debulking
      - palliative
  - - - watching for recurrence
      - managing long term side effects
- - - - Alter exposures that lead to disease
        
        example
        
        immunization
    - - Detect & treat pathological process at an earlier stage when treatment can be more effective
        
        to
        
        reduce the consequences of disease
        
        Screening asymptomatic patients
        
        has two types
        
        Population-level or mass screening
        
        is
        
        1 more item...
        
        Individual-level screening
        
        Occurs at the individual patient-physician level
    - - Prevent relapses & further deterioration via follow-up care & rehabilitation
        
        to
        
        Reducing impairment
        
        to restore or limit anatomical or physiological dysfunction
        
        Rehabilitation
        
        to assist with Disability
- - - - complimentary
        
        used along with standard medicine
        
        such as
        
        acu\puncture
      - Alternative
        
        used instead of standard medicine
        
        such as
        
        using specific diet instead of medications
  - - - Herbal products and vitamins
    - - Traditional Chinese medicine
    - - Yoga
    - - Massage
- - - - Squamous
        
        Alveoli-endothelium
      - Cuboidal
        
        Salivary glands-Pancreas
      - Columnar
        
        GI lining
      - Psuedostratified
        
        Respiratory tract lining
    - - Squamous
        
        Skin-esophagus
      - Cuboidal and columnar
        
        Large glands eg. Mammary
      - Transitional
        
        Bladder
- - - - Adenoma
        
        In glandular tissue
      - Polyp
        
        In mucosa
      - Papilloma
        
        Finger-like projections
  - - - Sarcoma
        
        originated in the solid mesenchymal cells from the mesoderm
      - Carcinoma
        
        originated from the epithelial cells from any of the 3 germ layers
    - - Originating from the blood cells of the mesenchyme
- - - - Compress surrounding tissue to growth
      - Well differentiated
      - surrounded by a fibrous capsule
    - - slow growth
      - Small
      - Well-defined encapsulated
      - No hemorrhage or Necrosis
      - oma
  - - - Sarcoma - carcinoma
      - ill defined, not capsulated
      - Rapid growth
      - Large
      - Hemorrage, necrosis
    - - Metastasis (growth by invasion)
      - Poorly differentiated
      - pleomorphsim
      - More mitotic divsion
- - - - mainly due to
        
        Defects in DNA repair genes
        
        occurs
        
        between G2 & M
        
        due to
        
        failure to fix DNA mistakes
        
        leading to
        
        mutations & cancer cells formation
        
        Increase in Oncogenes
        
        occurs
        
        between M & G1
        
        which is activated by
        
        Proto-oncogenes
        
        by either
        
        Translocation
        
        Gene Amplification
        
        Point Mutation
        
        is classified into
        
        Growth Factors
        
        Growth Factor Receptors
        
        signal transducing proteins
        
        Nuclear transcription factors
        
        will lead to
        
        accelerated cell division
        
        Decrease in Tumor suppressor gene
        
        occurs
        
        between G1 & S
        
        due to
        
        Loss of function, mutation in both alleles
        
        leading to
        
        cancer cell production
- - - - Emotionally
      - `Spiritually
      - Socially
      - Mentally
      - Physically
      - Financially
- - - - Lymphatic nodes
        
        right lymphatic duct: from the right arm, right side of the head and thorax
        
        both: empty the lymph into the subclavian vein on their own side of the body
        
        left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct): from the rest of the body