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Chapter Six Developing a Project Schedule(發展專案計畫 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter Six
Developing a Project Schedule(發展專案計畫
Activity(活動)
an element of the project that requires time but may not require resources(活動:專案中必需耗費時間但可能需要資源的要素)
Activity-on-arrow (AOA)(箭頭活動 (AOA))
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) uses an arrow to depict an activity.(箭頭活動 (AOA) 使用箭頭來描繪活動。)
Activity-on-node (AON)(節點活動 (AON))
Activity-on-Node (AON) uses a node to depict an activity.(節點活動 (AON) 使用節點來描繪活動。)
Burst activity(突發活動)
Burst activity: an activity that has more than one activity immediately following it (more that one dependency arrow flowing from it)(突發活動:緊隨其之後具有多個活動的活動(更多來自該活動的關聯箭頭))
Concurrent engineering(同步工程)
公司開發新產品專案時,都會由研發部門透過循序漸進的方式來進行。然而在整個研發到發表產品過程中有可能經過多次的修改,在快速上市的壓力下,這種方式會讓公司選擇放棄而轉向比較整體性的同步工程法。讓所有相關的專業部門在整個設計與開發過程中都能積極參與。傳統的「完成對開始」關係被一連串「開始對開始)間歇關係所取得。
Critical path(關鍵路徑)
Critical path: the path with the longest duration through the network(關鍵路徑:通過網路持續時間最長的路徑)
Early time(最早時間)
Forward Pass—Earliest Times(前推法-最早的時間)
How soon can the activity start? (early start—ES)(活動最快何時開始?(早期啟動-ES)
How soon can the activity finish? (early finish—EF)(活動最快何時可以完成?(提前完成-EF))
How soon can the project finish? (expected time—TE)(專案最快何時可以完成?(預計時間-TE))
Free slack (FS)(寬裕無慮時間(FS))
代表此活動可以被延遲,且不會影響到接續活動的時間數量。或是指說活動可以超出它的最早完成時間(ES)卻不影響任何接續活動的最早開始時間(ES)的時間數量。
Gantt chart(甘特圖表)
普遍使用長條圖來表達,它們能在時間尺度的水平上呈現出易懂且清晰的圖形,常用於規劃、資源排程及狀態報告中。甘特圖用於二度空間呈現專案時園,X軸呈現不同活動,Y軸為時間。
Hammock activity(吊床【哈莫克】活動)
Spans over a segment of a project.(跨越專案的一個部分。)
Has a duration that is determined after the network plan is drawn.(在繪製網路計劃後確定持續時間。)
Is very useful in assigning and controlling indirect project costs.(在分配和控制間接專案成本方面非常有用。)
Is used to aggregate sections of the project to facilitate getting the right level of detail for specific sections of a project.(用於聚集專案的各個部分,以方便獲得專案特定部分的正確詳細級別。)
Lag relationship(間歇關係)
先行活動已完成,接續活動仍須延遲開始,例如拆除混凝土板模一定得等到灌入水泥已經經過一定的時間凝固之後,才可以進行。這等待延遲期間稱為Lag relationship(間歇關係)
Late time(最晚時間)
How late can the activity start? (late start—LS)(活動最晚可以開始? (延遲開始——LS))
How late can the activity finish? (late finish—LF)(活動最晚可以結束? (後期完成——LF))
Which activities represent the critical path? (critical path—CP)(哪些活動代表關鍵路徑?(關鍵路徑-CP))
How long can the activity be delayed? (slack or float—SL)(活動可以延遲多久? (鬆檞或浮動—SL))
Merge activity(合併活動)
Merge activity: an activity that has more than one activity immediately preceding it (more than one dependency arrow flowing to it)(合併活動:之前有一個以上的先行活動與其相接(一個以上的關聯箭頭流向它))
Parallel activities(平行活動)
Parallel activities: activities that can take place at the same time, if desired.(平行活動:如果需要,可以同時進行的活動。)
Path(路徑)
Path: a sequence of connected, dependent activities(路徑:一系列相互關聯的、相依賴的活動)
Sensitivity(敏感度)
Network sensitivity is the likelihood the original critical path(s) will change once the project is initiated.(網路敏感度是專案啟動後原始關鍵路徑發生變化的可能性。)
A network schedule that has only one critical path and noncritical activities that enjoy significant slack would be labeled ‘insensitive’.(網路時程表只有一條關鍵路徑,而非關鍵活動明顯寬裕,將被貼上“麻木不仁”的標籤【缺乏彈性】。)
Total Slack(總寬裕時間)
Tells us the amount of time an activity can be delayed and not delayed the project.(告訴我們活動可以延遲而不是延遲專案的時間。)
Is how long an activity can exceed its early finish date without affecting the project end date or an imposed completion date.(活動可超過其提前完成日期的時間,而不影響專案結束日期或規定完成日期。)