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Rain forests - Coggle Diagram
Rain forests
Causes of deforestation in Amazon
Hydro-electric power (HEP) - Tucurui
Mining - Carajas Mine
Timber/logging (mahogany)
Urbanization - Manaus
Road building - Tans-Amazonian Highway
Farming and ranching - Walmart has been linked to beef from Amazon
Palm oil but mainly in Indonesia
Consequences of deforestation
Climatic change
Soil erosion
Nutrient cycle is broken as trees removed
Soil is exposed to rain, so greater run-off
Rivers clog up, so less oxygen in the river - affects fish and other aquatic life
Affects food sources for indigenous people
More soil in the rivers increases the risk of flooding - also threat to communities
Loss of soil fertility
Soil is exposed
Most fertile layer of rainforest soil is close to the surface
Rain washes away topsoil, so soil fertility reduced
No new nutrients as trees have been removed
Soil over farmed - becomes exhausted
Change in river's discharge
River becomes shallow due to increased sediment from run off
Flow of river is slower so braiding possible
River floods more easily
Impact on indigenous people - Yanomami tribe
Food sources impacted
Way of collecting food changes - cultural impact
Water sources polluted from mining [pink river dolphins impacted by mercury poisoning]
Risk of illness from 'outsiders'
Social conflicts and struggles over land and natural resources
Loss of biodiversity
On average, 137 species become extinct everyday; or 50,000 each year because of deforestation
Many natural cures for conditions like leukemia can be found in plants from the rainforest
Food chains impacted
Solutions to deforestation
Government legislation - targets, policing, protected areas
Encourage sustainable commercial logging options
Reservations - to protect home of indigenous population which also reduces development
Pachamama Alliance - fights for indigenous rights against oil and logging companies
Global Forest - tracks real-time deforestation to reduce illegal logging