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Chapter 7, Chapter 9, Chapter 8, gametes, Maryam Al-Ruwaye, Nour Al-Ruwaye…
Chapter 7
Photosynthesis
ATP
Input
1 Glucose 2 ATP
Output
2 Pyruvate 4 ATP 2 NADH
nucleotides
autotrophs
photoautotrophs
heterotrophs
decomposers
chlorophyll
Stoma (stomata)
Stroma
Thylakoid
Mesophyll
Calvin cycle
Carbon fixation
Reduction
Release of G3P
Regeneration of RuBP
Celluar respiration
Glyclosis
Pyruvate oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative phosphorilation
Light reactions
electromagnetic spectrum
wavelength
photon
photosystem
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
NADPH
thylakloid membrane
Phosphorylation
photorespiration
C3 Plant
C4 Plant
CAM Plant
Climate Change
greenhouse Effect
Increase of CO2
poison ivy = more toxic(itchy)
Global Warming
Chapter 9
Mendel's Law
Heredity
P generation
F1 generation
polygenic inheritance
F2 generation
complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
True-breeding
Hybrid
Cross
Monohybrid Cross
Dihybrid Cross
codominance
ABO blood groups
pleiotropy
sickle-cell disease
Punnett Swuare
Genotype
Testcross
Phenotype
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Alleles
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Huntington's Disease
Carrier
Rule of Multiplication
Rule of Addition
Four system of Sex Determination
X-O
Male: 22+X
Female: 22+XX
Z-W
Male: 76+ZZ
Female: 76+ZW
Chromosome number
Male: 16
Female: 32
X-Y
Chromosome theory of Inheritance
Map
Genetic Map
Linkage Map
Linked Gene
sex-linked gene
X-linked genes
Genetic Cross
Trait
Wild-Type
Mutant
Recombination frequency
Geneticist
pedigree
Genetic
amniocentesis
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Ultrasound imaging
Chapter 8
Cell Division
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Mitosis
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Interphase
sister chromatid
G1
S
G2
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Clevage (animals)
Clevage furrow (animals)
Cell plate (plants)
density-dependent inhibition
Tumor
Benign Tumor
Malignant Tumor
Cancer
Metastasis
Anchorage dependence
Chromosomal abnomalities
trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Nondisjunction
Klinefelter syndrome
Extra X chromosome (XXY) in male
Turner syndrome
Lack X chromosome (XO) in female
Chromosome structure
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Meiosis
Meiosis I
Prophase I
crossing over
recombinant chromosome
Metaphase I
Independent assortment
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Meiosis II
Telophase II
Anaphase II
Metaphase II
Prophase II
chromosome
somatic cell
homologous chromosomes
locus
diploid
centromere
Sex Chromosome
Chromatin
Locus (plural, loci)
Cell Cycle Control System
Cell Cycle
Mitotic phase (M phase)
Centrosome
Mitotic spindle
Growth factor
Autosome (nonsex chromosome)
Male: XY + 44 autosomes
Female: XX + 44 autosomes
Binary fission
Karyotype
gametes
haploid
life cycle
fertilization
zygote
Maryam Al-Ruwaye
Nour Al-Ruwaye