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COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Coggle Diagram
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Causes
Smoking
exposure to air pollution
Working with chemicals, dust, or fumes
Second hand smoke
Asthma
Genetics
Complications
Respiratory infections: cold, flu, and pneumonia
Lung cancer
High blood pressure
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Heart failure
Pathophysiology
Mucous hyper secretion
Ciliary dysfunction
Airflow obstruction and hyperinflation
Gas exchange abnormalities
Pulmonary hypertension
innate and adaptive inflammatory response due to inhalation of toxins
Assessment
Assess size and shape of chest
Assess for decreased or abnormal breath sounds (wheezing or crackling)
Asses how long it takes to exhale fully
Spirometry
Assess background (Family history, your medical history)
The use of accessory muscles during breathing
Labs/X-rays
Pulmonary function tests
Chest X-ray
CT scan
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Arterial blood gas analysis
Treatments
oxygen therapy
quitting smoking
physical exercise
Diaphragmatic breathing
Inhalers
Medications
Bronchodilators
Steroid tablets
Antibiotics