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The Spanish War of Independence
The Spanish War of Independence
Spanish population fight against the French ,1808 to 1813
On 2 May 1808 the people of Madrid rose up against the French occupation but they failed to overthrow the French
other parts of Spain were encouraged by their actions and the Spanish War of Independence began
The course of the war
Local and provincial councils
were formed to fight against the French
were governmental organisations whose members were elected by the people
For the 1st time in Spain
people were voting to choose their representatives
were led by the Central Council
represented the absent Fernando VII
in areas that had not been occupied by the French
had executive and legislative power
he war can be divided into many phases
1808
Spanish forces won several victories
Spain won he Battle of Bailén
This temporarily stopped the French from reaching Andalucía
1808–1812
guerrilla warfare began
Napoleon came to Spain to oversee the French occupation
French occupied all of Spain except for Cádiz
There were sieges in some cities, Zaragoza and Gerona
1812–1813
the Central Council signed a military alliance with Great Britain
Napoleon withdrew some of his troops from Spain in order to send them to Russia
The Anglo-Spanish and Portuguese troops
won victories at Los Arapiles, Vitoria and San Marcial
led by the Duke of Wellington
this troops were forced to live Spain
December of 1813
As a result Fernando VII returned to the throne
Napoleon signed the Treaty of Valençay
The Cadiz Cortes
The Central Council took refuge in Cádiz
from the advancing French troops
1810
was replaced by the Regency Council
Cadiz Cortes
was the first unified cortes in which each deputy had an individual vote
It was no longer based on the estates system
one of the keystones of the Ancien Régime
Each deputy represented the whole nation rather than the estate into which he had been born
There were 223 deputies
they were elected by the Spanish and American provinces
Most of them were clergy, military men, lawyers and merchants, so the bourgeoisie were well-represented
Different groups emerged in the Cortes
the absolutists
the supporters of Enlightenment ideas
