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Discuss the negative influence of modern technology on the reliability of…

- - - - Procedure: participants completed a set of questionnaires and performed four cognitive tasks
        the questionnaires included the MMI and inventories for impulsivity and ADHD
        the cognitive tasks included two visual WM tasks and two recognition memory tasks
        
        Results: heavy media multitaskers exhibited lower WM performance regardless of whether external distraction was present or absent
        lower performance of WM tasks indicated lower LTM performance
        media multitasking-related difference in memory reflected differences in discriminability
        
        Conclusion: suggests that chronic media multitasking is associated with a wider attentional score/higher attentional impulsivity, which may allow for goal-relevant information to compete with goal-irrelevant information
        
        Evaluation:
        
        Link: this study demonstrates that, because modern technology allows for media multitasking, it reduces the individual's capacity for WM performance
        
        Strength: Strong internal validity
        
        Weakness: Cannot demonstrate causation
  - - - Procedure: students were given a 30 minute videotaped lecture and were given a test to assess their understanding
        during the lecture, all students received a text message that required a response (0, 4, or 8 messages)
        the participants were then divided into three groups based on how many text messages they received: no/low texting interruption group: 0-7 texts
        moderate texting interruption group: 8-15 texts
        high texting interruption group: 16+ texts
        
        Results: there was a significant difference in the low and high texting interruption groups- a 10.6% reduction in memory
        the moderate group effectively did not do worse than the no interruption condition
        the more text messages the students received in the lecture, the worse they performed on the test
        this also depended on response delay
        
        Conclusion: we can consciously override the automatic tendency to get distracted and switch to off-task behavior by delaying the response to the distractor
        to some extent, this may compensate for the negative effects of induced media multitasking
        
        Evaluation:
        
        Link: Modern technology has resulted in lower attention thresholds in children and thus harms their academic performances
        
        Weakness: Researchers did not account for external distractions
        
        Strength: High internal validity