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The French Revolution - Coggle Diagram
The French Revolution
was a period of violent political and social change
which saw
the end of the estates system of the Ancien Régime
the abolition of the absolute monarchy
it began in 1789
it is considered to be the first European bourgeois revolution
THE EVENTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (2/2)
The Legislative Assembly
After the Constitution of 1791 had been adopted
there were elections for the new Legislative Assembly
Two main political groups emerged
The Jacobins
who represented the petite bourgeoisie
they had more radical views
they wanted to abolish the monarchy
establish a republic and introduce universal manhood suffrage
The Girondins
who represented the interests of the wealthy bourgeoisie
they had moderate views
they supported the constitutional monarchy and limited suffrage
France was under constant threat of invasion by Austria and Prussia
In response
France declared war on these countries in 1792
France's defeats at the hands of the European armies and Louis XVI's
reluctance to accept the revolutionary changes
In August 1792
the people of Paris revolted and attacked the Tuileries Palace
As a result
the monarchy was abolished
France became a republic
Louis XVI was imprisoned
The Convention
the most radical phase of the revolution
A new assembly called the Convention was elected with universal manhood suffrage
In 1793
the Convention agreed to execute Louis XVI for treason
he was beheaded by guillotine
The Jacobins
took control of the government
imposed a dictatorship known as the Terror
were led by Robespierre
were supported by the sans-culottes
The Directory and the Consulate
The moderate deputies overthrew the Jacobins in 1794
in 1795
they adopted a new constitution
it re-established limited male suffrage
it also introduced a new form of government
called the Directory
this was a conservative government that was made up of five members
The power and influence of the army increased
as a result of
the continuing foreign war
of the threat that the radical revolutionaries might return to power
In 1799
General Napoleon Bonaparte
organised a military coup
aimed to restore peace at home and abroad
he established a new form of government
called the Consulate
It was made up of three consuls
including Napoleon himself as First Consul
In 1802
he was named First Consul for Life
this allowed him to introduce reforms to end France's political and economic instability
in 1804
he had absolute power
the French Revolution had ended
THE EVENTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1/2)
The National Assembly
The Third Estate asked for a new voting system
in which each representative would vote individually
When the king refused
they declared that as the true representative of the nation
it was forming a National Assembly
The king
locked the National Assembly out of the Estates General
so they met at a tennis court nearby
They declared that
they would not leave the tennis court until France had a constitution
The Constituent Assembly
the king agreed to the Third Estate's demands
A new Constituent Assembly was formed
to write a constitution
This was a triumph for the bourgeoisie
because the monarchy was no longer absolute
troops were being sent to Versailles
led to a riot in Paris on 14 July 1789
in which people attacked the Bastille
The popular revolt spread from Paris to other cities and to the countryside
where peasants attacked
the homes of the nobility
burned their archives
refused to pay feudal duties
In response to these events
the Constituent Assembly passed a range of legal reforms
They abolished feudal privileges
the tithes paid by the peasantry to the clergy
The assembly
also established equality in the payment of taxes
The revolt in the countryside is known
as the Grande Peur
to solve the French state's financial problems
the Constituent Assembly
confiscated and sold church property
In 1790the assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The clergy would now
be paid by the state
be elected by the people
All of these measures led to
discontent among part of the clergy
to the emigration of many nobles to other European countries
These people became counterrevolutionaries
Louis XVI
asked Austria for support against the revolution
tried to escape from France
but this ended in failure
he's actions
caused an increase in popular opposition to the monarchy
In 1791
the assembly approved the constitution
which established
limited male suffrage
only men with a certain amount of property could vote
the separation of powers
the monarch had executive power
the assembly had legislative power
the courts had judicial power
a constitutional monarchy
in which the powers of the monarch were limited by the constitution
THE CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
a combination of related factors
The social crisis
the economic crisis affected each of the three estates differently
the privileged estates
the clergy and the nobility
they were able to maintain their income
the Third Estate
the Third Estate
suffered from rising taxes
The economic crisis
the French monarchy was heavily in debt
because of the court's excessive spending on
other luxuries
palaces
France's participation in military conflicts
the American War of Independence
parties
The political crisis
Louis XVI's ministers
suggested that the privileged estates should pay tax
The nobility and clergy
refused
demanded that the king call the Estates General
Louis XVI
governed France as an absolute monarch
The influence of the Enlightenment
French intellectuals and the bourgeoisie
supported Enlightenment ideas
they demanded that
all French subjects be free and equal before the law