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The bourgeois revolutions and the American revolution, image, image, image…
The bourgeois revolutions and the American revolution
The bourgeois revolution
Enabled the bourgeoisie to gain political power and a social status
Had only been available to the nobility under the Ancien Régime
These revolutions took place in the late 18th and early 19th centuries
This process was begun by two revolutions
The American Revolution
The independence of the United States was the bourgeoisie's first triumph
The French Revolution
This put an end to absolute monarchy and the estates system of the Ancien Régime
The American revolution
Great Britain fought against its 13 colonies located on the Atlantic Coast of North America
The causes of the war
Ideological factors
The colonists were familiar with Enlightenment thinking about liberty and equality
Political factors
The British Parliament made decisions about taxes and other issues related to the colonies
Economic and social factors
By this time there was a wealthy colonial bourgeoisie who wanted the freedom to trade without the interference of Great Britain
In the short term the conflict was caused by the high cost of the Seven Years' War
Great Britain fought against France for control of the territory that today forms part of Canada
Great Britain won the war
The colonies refused to pay these taxes
There were various protests, such as the 1773 Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists threw a cargo of tea into the sea in Boston
The war of independence and its consequences
The war began when some of the colonies decided to fight for independence
They created their own army
Was led by George Washington
The war developed in two stages
The first stage
Great Britain had some military successes but the colonists took actions that were politically significant
4 July 1776
Declaration of Independence
The second stage
The colonists' military victory at the Battle of Saratoga led France and Spain to offer them support
The two sides were more closely matched in military terms
Great Britain recognised American independence and the birth of the United States in the 1783 Treaty of Versailles
In 1787, the United States Constitution was adopted
The United States Constitution included these principles
Federal republic was the type of goverment
Popular sovereignty
Only white men with a certain amount of property could vote
Separation of powers
The president was the executive branch, Congress was the legislative branch and the Supreme Court was the judicial branch
Citizens were free and equal before the law
