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TOPIC 2 ESS: Ecosystem and Ecology https://sites.google.com/bsj.sch.id/ib…
TOPIC 2 ESS: Ecosystem and Ecology
https://sites.google.com/bsj.sch.id/ib-ess/year-12/topic-2-ecosystems-and-ecology?authuser=0
2.1 Species and Populations
Key Terms
Species
group of organisms able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Habitat
where a species of organism lives or thrives
Niche
the role an organism plays in a community (how it finds food, what it eats, who is the predator)
the interaction between the abiotic and biotic factor
abiotic: non-living
biotic: living
Population
Names Examples
Clownfish (NICHES)
HABITAT: Lives anemones of corral reefs
NUTRITION: copepods, planktons
PREDATORS: large fish
MUTUALISM: anemones
Red-eyed Frogs
Snakehead fish
Can mate very fast
Can lash out and can hunt effectinvely
Jaws can kill anything
Very invasive species
Can walk on land
Predation: any unlucky fish
Which A/Biotic Factors affect species??
Animals?
Biotic
Predators
Invasive Species
Abiotic
Water pH
Soil
Territory
Breeding sites (nests)
Plants?
Biotic
Competition with weeds
Habitat destruction by humans
Predations and pests
Diseases
Abiotic
Temperature
Soil
Salinity
Acidity
Water
Water pH
Light
Types of Niches
Fundamental
full range of conditions
Realised
Species Interactions
Competition
More than one individual depend on the same resource
Inftaspecific
Within the same species in the same area
eg. Oaks vs. Oaks, red vs. grey squirrels
Interspecific
With different species
eg. Yunjae vs. Horse
Fights over territory, mates, light
Herbivory
primary consumers eating plants
Birds can disperse seeds
Predation
When one species eats another
Parasitism
Relationship that only benefits one side
Some keep hosts alive to eat it off later
Mutualism
Two organisms co-existing and benefitting each other
Egyptian plover bird cleans Nile croc's teeth
Bees disperse flower seeds
2.4 Biomes
Succession
Primary
Secondary
What
Organism Strategies
K Strat
Life expectancy
low
Biggest mortality rate
Growth
faster
hornier at a faster rate
Size and number of
small
a lot more babies
Adaptation
Quantitive
Variation
Survive, reproduce, pass on
Niche
Mostly prey and pests
Examples
Mosquitoes
R Strat
Size and number of
Adaptation
Growth
Life Expectancy
Niche
Examples
Def.
Biomes
Collection of ecosystems
eg?
Aquatic
Forest
Grassland
Tundra
Desert
2.2 Communities and Ecosystems
Key Words
Community
group od populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat
Ecosystem
A community and the physical environment in which it interacts
Trophic Level
How do they get it??
Producers
Make food from photosynthesis
Energy gained from respiration too!
Consumers
Consume other organisms for food
Gains much energy from respiration
2.3 Flow of Energy and Matter
Why is 100% not taken by Plants?
Green light energy
Would be too strong
Surface area of leaf
Productivity
Types
Gross Prod.
Net Prod.
Gross Primary Prod.
2.5
Lincoln Index
Monitors population