Ketone

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Oxidation of Alkene

Alkene + KMnO4 -> Ketone

Condition: KMnO4 needs to be hot and Alkene must have 2 alkyl groups

KMnO4 turns from purple to colourless

Oxidation of secondary alcohol

Secondary alcohol + oxidising agent -> ketone + water

Condition: heated under reflux

Regeant used is Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI) or Acidified Potassium Manganate

Potassium Dicchromate turns from Orange to Green

Potassium Manganate turns from Purple to Colourless

Reduction

Ketone + reducing agent -> secondary alcohol

Reagent used is NaBH4 or LiAlH4 and in dry ether

Iodoform Test

Ketone + I2 -> Sodium Salt + Iodoform

Condition: Iodine is in Alkaline Solution, NaOH

Yellow precipitate can be observed

Condensation

Requires 2,4-DNPH

Orange precipitate can be observed

Nucleophilic Addition

Ketone + HCN -> Hydroxycyanide

Condition: requires heat, KCN as catalyst

Examples

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